National Broadband Mission
The government promised broadband access in all villages by 2022, as it launched the ambitious National Broadband Mission entailing stakeholder investment of Rs 7 lakh crore in the coming years.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22369-national-broadband-mission.html
#NBM #RaviShankarPrasad #USOF #RoW #MoU #NDCP
SC refuses to stay CAA
The Supreme Court on 18 December 2019 refused to stay the implementation of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019, which fast-tracks citizenship by naturalisation process for “illegal” migrants from six religious communities, other than Muslims, who have fled persecution from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22368-sc-refuses-to-stay-caa.html
#SC #CAA #CJI #NGOs #NRC #Muslims #AKUpadhyay #illegal
World's third largest producer of scientific articles
With over 1.35 lakh scientific papers published, India has become the world's third largest publisher of science and engineering articles, according to a US government agency data, topped by China.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22367-world-s-third-largest-producer-of-scientific-articles.html
#NSF #China #US #scientificarticles #SouthKorea #EU
Cyclone on Jupiter’s south pole
A recent flyby of Jupiter by NASA’s Juno spacecraft has led to the discovery of a new cyclone on the south pole of the planet. The 22nd flyby took place on November 3 soaring 3,500 kilometres above the cloud top of the gas giant.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22366-cyclone-on-jupiter-s-south-pole.html
#Cyclone #Jupiter #NASA #spacecraft #JIRAM
Gulf's first female finance minister
Kuwait appointed Mariam Al-Aqeel as finance minister, the first female in the Gulf region to hold the post. Khaled Al-Fadhel retained his posts as minister overseeing oil, electricity and water in Sheikh Sabah Al-Khaled Al-Sabah’s first cabinet, which includes three women and eight new faces, according to state-run KUNA news agency.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22365-gulf-s-first-female-finance-minister.html
#Gulf #Kuwait #KUNA #KIA #OPEC #GFFFM
The government promised broadband access in all villages by 2022, as it launched the ambitious National Broadband Mission entailing stakeholder investment of Rs 7 lakh crore in the coming years.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22369-national-broadband-mission.html
#NBM #RaviShankarPrasad #USOF #RoW #MoU #NDCP
SC refuses to stay CAA
The Supreme Court on 18 December 2019 refused to stay the implementation of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019, which fast-tracks citizenship by naturalisation process for “illegal” migrants from six religious communities, other than Muslims, who have fled persecution from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22368-sc-refuses-to-stay-caa.html
#SC #CAA #CJI #NGOs #NRC #Muslims #AKUpadhyay #illegal
World's third largest producer of scientific articles
With over 1.35 lakh scientific papers published, India has become the world's third largest publisher of science and engineering articles, according to a US government agency data, topped by China.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22367-world-s-third-largest-producer-of-scientific-articles.html
#NSF #China #US #scientificarticles #SouthKorea #EU
Cyclone on Jupiter’s south pole
A recent flyby of Jupiter by NASA’s Juno spacecraft has led to the discovery of a new cyclone on the south pole of the planet. The 22nd flyby took place on November 3 soaring 3,500 kilometres above the cloud top of the gas giant.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22366-cyclone-on-jupiter-s-south-pole.html
#Cyclone #Jupiter #NASA #spacecraft #JIRAM
Gulf's first female finance minister
Kuwait appointed Mariam Al-Aqeel as finance minister, the first female in the Gulf region to hold the post. Khaled Al-Fadhel retained his posts as minister overseeing oil, electricity and water in Sheikh Sabah Al-Khaled Al-Sabah’s first cabinet, which includes three women and eight new faces, according to state-run KUNA news agency.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22365-gulf-s-first-female-finance-minister.html
#Gulf #Kuwait #KUNA #KIA #OPEC #GFFFM
Ksgindia
National Broadband Mission | KSG India | Khan Study Group
The government promised broadband access in all villages by 2022, as it launched the ambitious National Broadband Mission entailing stakeholder investment of Rs 7 lakh crore in the coming years. The
Strategic Chabahar project
India and Iran on 22 December 2019 agreed to accelerate work on the strategic Chabahar project as External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar held wide-ranging talks with his Iranian counterpart Javad Zarif on regional and global issues of mutual interest.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22395-strategic-chabahar-project.html
#StrategicChabahar #India #NarendraModi #Afghanistan #JavadZarif
Boeing spacecraft returned to earth
Boeing's new Starliner unmanned spacecraft returned to Earth on 22 December 2019, landing in the New Mexico desert in the United States six days early after a clock problem prevented a rendezvous with the International Space Station.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22394-boeing-spacecraft-returned-to-earth.html
#spacecraft #earth #NASA #AtlasVlaunch #rocket #ISS
Russia, Ukraine outline gas transit deal
Russia and Ukraine announced terms of a new gas transit deal on 21 December 2019, under which Moscow will supply Europe for at least another five years via its former Soviet neighbour and pay a $2.9 billion settlement to Kiev to end a legal dispute.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22393-russia-ukraine-outline-gas-transit-deal.html
#Russia #Ukraine #Moscow #gas #Europe
Cuba gets first prime minister
Cuba's first prime minister in more than four decades - long-serving tourism minister Manuel Marrero - has taken office as the country resurrected a post last held by Fidel Castro.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22392-cuba-gets-first-prime-minister.html
#Cuba #ManuelMarrero #GHG #FidelCastro
India and Iran on 22 December 2019 agreed to accelerate work on the strategic Chabahar project as External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar held wide-ranging talks with his Iranian counterpart Javad Zarif on regional and global issues of mutual interest.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22395-strategic-chabahar-project.html
#StrategicChabahar #India #NarendraModi #Afghanistan #JavadZarif
Boeing spacecraft returned to earth
Boeing's new Starliner unmanned spacecraft returned to Earth on 22 December 2019, landing in the New Mexico desert in the United States six days early after a clock problem prevented a rendezvous with the International Space Station.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22394-boeing-spacecraft-returned-to-earth.html
#spacecraft #earth #NASA #AtlasVlaunch #rocket #ISS
Russia, Ukraine outline gas transit deal
Russia and Ukraine announced terms of a new gas transit deal on 21 December 2019, under which Moscow will supply Europe for at least another five years via its former Soviet neighbour and pay a $2.9 billion settlement to Kiev to end a legal dispute.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22393-russia-ukraine-outline-gas-transit-deal.html
#Russia #Ukraine #Moscow #gas #Europe
Cuba gets first prime minister
Cuba's first prime minister in more than four decades - long-serving tourism minister Manuel Marrero - has taken office as the country resurrected a post last held by Fidel Castro.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22392-cuba-gets-first-prime-minister.html
#Cuba #ManuelMarrero #GHG #FidelCastro
Ksgindia
Strategic Chabahar project | KSG India | Khan Study Group
India and Iran on 22 December 2019 agreed to accelerate work on the strategic Chabahar project as External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar held wide-ranging talks with his Iranian counterpart Javad Zari
Third batch of Starlink satellites
SpaceX launched its third batch of 60 mini-satellites into orbit, part of its plans to build a giant constellation of thousands of spacecraft that will form a global broadband internet system.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22584-third-batch-of-starlink-satellites.html
#Starlink #FCC #satellites #ITU #LEO #spacecraft #SpaceX
New amendment in IBBI
A secured creditor cannot sell assets of a company undergoing liquidation process to any person barred from submitting an insolvency resolution plan, as per a new amendment made to the norms by the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI).
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22583-new-amendment-in-ibbi.html
#IBBI #amendment #Bankruptcy #stakeholder #insolvency
Another Earth found
NASA said on 6 January 2020 that its planet hunter satellite TESS had discovered an Earth-sized world within the habitable range of its star, which could allow the presence of liquid water.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22582-another-earth-found.html
#NASA #TESS #satellite #Earth #TOI700d #Hawaii #KeplerSpaceTelescope
IOA disaffiliates KAI
The Indian Olympic Association (IOA) has disaffiliated the Karate Association of India (KAI) for violating its constitution and guidelines.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22581-ioa-disaffiliates-kai.html
#IOA #KAI #WKF #AGM #Olympic #LikhaTara
SpaceX launched its third batch of 60 mini-satellites into orbit, part of its plans to build a giant constellation of thousands of spacecraft that will form a global broadband internet system.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22584-third-batch-of-starlink-satellites.html
#Starlink #FCC #satellites #ITU #LEO #spacecraft #SpaceX
New amendment in IBBI
A secured creditor cannot sell assets of a company undergoing liquidation process to any person barred from submitting an insolvency resolution plan, as per a new amendment made to the norms by the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI).
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22583-new-amendment-in-ibbi.html
#IBBI #amendment #Bankruptcy #stakeholder #insolvency
Another Earth found
NASA said on 6 January 2020 that its planet hunter satellite TESS had discovered an Earth-sized world within the habitable range of its star, which could allow the presence of liquid water.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22582-another-earth-found.html
#NASA #TESS #satellite #Earth #TOI700d #Hawaii #KeplerSpaceTelescope
IOA disaffiliates KAI
The Indian Olympic Association (IOA) has disaffiliated the Karate Association of India (KAI) for violating its constitution and guidelines.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22581-ioa-disaffiliates-kai.html
#IOA #KAI #WKF #AGM #Olympic #LikhaTara
Ksgindia
Third batch of Starlink satellites | KSG India | Khan Study Group
SpaceX launched its third batch of 60 mini-satellites into orbit, part of its plans to build a giant constellation of thousands of spacecraft that will form a global broadband internet system. A
Delhi under NSA
Delhi’s Lieutenant Governor has passed an order authorizing the city’s police, controlled by the Union home ministry, to place the national capital under the National Security Act (NSA).
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22656-delhi-under-nsa.html
#DelhiPolice #NSA #NCRB #CrPC #FIRs #BJP #Article370
Key molecule for life’s origin
Researchers have unravelled a key piece of the puzzle about the origin of life on the Earth with the discovery of how phosphorus-bearing molecules, essential for cell metabolism, may have reached the planet from space.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22655-key-molecule-for-life-s-origin.html
#ALMA #ESO #ROSINA #AFGL5142 #molecule #spacecraft
China and Myanmar 'stand together'
China and Myanmar inked dozens of mammoth infrastructure and trade deals after a meeting on 18 January 2020 between President Xi Jinping and fallen rights icon Aung San Suu Kyi in Naypyidaw (Myanmar), as Beijing doubles down on its support for a government under fire for its treatment of Rohingya Muslims.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22654-china-and-myanmar-stand-together.html
#Myanmar #standtogether #Muslim #XiJinping #China
Davos diplomacy between India, Malaysia
Trade ministers from India and Malaysia are likely to meet on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum's annual meeting in Davos next week amid a palm oil spat between the two countries, a Malaysian government told.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22653-davos-diplomacy-between-india-malaysia.html
#Malaysia #MahathirMohamad #Goyal #WEF #oil
AI-aided method for reading of legal judgements
Researchers at IIT Kharagpur have evolved an artificial intelligence-aided method to automate reading of legal judgements.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22652-ai-aided-method-for-reading-of-legal-judgements.html
#IITKharagpur #KGP #SupremeCourt #USA #RajivGandhi
Delhi’s Lieutenant Governor has passed an order authorizing the city’s police, controlled by the Union home ministry, to place the national capital under the National Security Act (NSA).
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22656-delhi-under-nsa.html
#DelhiPolice #NSA #NCRB #CrPC #FIRs #BJP #Article370
Key molecule for life’s origin
Researchers have unravelled a key piece of the puzzle about the origin of life on the Earth with the discovery of how phosphorus-bearing molecules, essential for cell metabolism, may have reached the planet from space.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22655-key-molecule-for-life-s-origin.html
#ALMA #ESO #ROSINA #AFGL5142 #molecule #spacecraft
China and Myanmar 'stand together'
China and Myanmar inked dozens of mammoth infrastructure and trade deals after a meeting on 18 January 2020 between President Xi Jinping and fallen rights icon Aung San Suu Kyi in Naypyidaw (Myanmar), as Beijing doubles down on its support for a government under fire for its treatment of Rohingya Muslims.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22654-china-and-myanmar-stand-together.html
#Myanmar #standtogether #Muslim #XiJinping #China
Davos diplomacy between India, Malaysia
Trade ministers from India and Malaysia are likely to meet on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum's annual meeting in Davos next week amid a palm oil spat between the two countries, a Malaysian government told.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22653-davos-diplomacy-between-india-malaysia.html
#Malaysia #MahathirMohamad #Goyal #WEF #oil
AI-aided method for reading of legal judgements
Researchers at IIT Kharagpur have evolved an artificial intelligence-aided method to automate reading of legal judgements.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22652-ai-aided-method-for-reading-of-legal-judgements.html
#IITKharagpur #KGP #SupremeCourt #USA #RajivGandhi
Ksgindia
Delhi Police under NSA | KSG India | Khan Study Group
Delhi’s Lieutenant Governor has passed an order authorizing the city’s police, controlled by the Union home ministry, to place the national capital under the National Security Act (NSA). This l
First MPC Meet of 2020
The monetary policy committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India decided to hold policy rates at 5.15 percent on 6 February 2020 and maintained its accommodative stance.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22794-first-mpc-meet-of-2020.html
#MPC #CPI #Q3FY20 #GDP #NSC #ChetanGhate
Panel to examine fiscal, debt situation
The Fifteenth Finance Commission (15th FC) will set up a panel later this month to examine the fiscal and debt situation of the Centre and states and present a road map, on the lines of the erstwhile Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management panel, the Commission’s Chairman N K Singh said on 5 February 2020.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22793-panel-to-examine-fiscal-debt-situation.html
#NKSingh #15thFC #Article293 #FY21 #FRBM #Budget
MAVEN makes surprising discovery
NASA’s ongoing Mars mission through its Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft has made surprising discoveries that scientists believe may help understand the disruptive phenomena on Earth.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22792-maven-makes-surprising-discovery.html
#MAVEN #NASA #aircraft #spacecraft #Earth
India slips in International IP Index
India’s slipped to 40th position on the International Intellectual Property (IP) Index, which analyses the IP climate in 53 global economies, this year, according to a report of the US Chamber of Commerce’s Global Innovation Policy Center.Last year India was ranked at 36th position out of 50 countries.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22791-india-slips-in-international-ip-index.html
#India #International #IP #GIPC #IPR #France
Draft UN resolution on Libya
A UN resolution that would endorse a plan to restore peace to Libya and condemn the recent increase in violence faced opposition on 5 February 2020 from Russia and South Africa.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22790-draft-un-resolution-on-libya.html
#Libya #resolution #SouthAfrica #UN #British
Astronaut lands back on Earth
Koch touched down on 6 February 2020 on the Kazakh steppe after 328 days in space along with Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency and Alexander Skvortsov of the Russian space agency.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22789-astronaut-lands-back-on-earth.html
#Astronaut #Earth #NASA #ISS #ESA #Kazakh
The monetary policy committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India decided to hold policy rates at 5.15 percent on 6 February 2020 and maintained its accommodative stance.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22794-first-mpc-meet-of-2020.html
#MPC #CPI #Q3FY20 #GDP #NSC #ChetanGhate
Panel to examine fiscal, debt situation
The Fifteenth Finance Commission (15th FC) will set up a panel later this month to examine the fiscal and debt situation of the Centre and states and present a road map, on the lines of the erstwhile Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management panel, the Commission’s Chairman N K Singh said on 5 February 2020.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22793-panel-to-examine-fiscal-debt-situation.html
#NKSingh #15thFC #Article293 #FY21 #FRBM #Budget
MAVEN makes surprising discovery
NASA’s ongoing Mars mission through its Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft has made surprising discoveries that scientists believe may help understand the disruptive phenomena on Earth.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22792-maven-makes-surprising-discovery.html
#MAVEN #NASA #aircraft #spacecraft #Earth
India slips in International IP Index
India’s slipped to 40th position on the International Intellectual Property (IP) Index, which analyses the IP climate in 53 global economies, this year, according to a report of the US Chamber of Commerce’s Global Innovation Policy Center.Last year India was ranked at 36th position out of 50 countries.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22791-india-slips-in-international-ip-index.html
#India #International #IP #GIPC #IPR #France
Draft UN resolution on Libya
A UN resolution that would endorse a plan to restore peace to Libya and condemn the recent increase in violence faced opposition on 5 February 2020 from Russia and South Africa.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22790-draft-un-resolution-on-libya.html
#Libya #resolution #SouthAfrica #UN #British
Astronaut lands back on Earth
Koch touched down on 6 February 2020 on the Kazakh steppe after 328 days in space along with Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency and Alexander Skvortsov of the Russian space agency.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22789-astronaut-lands-back-on-earth.html
#Astronaut #Earth #NASA #ISS #ESA #Kazakh
Ksgindia
First MPC Meet of 2020 | KSG India | Khan Study Group
The monetary policy committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India decided to hold policy rates at 5. 15 per cent on 6 February 2020 and maintained its accommodative stance. The central bank reiterated
SC upholds amendments SC/ST Act
The Supreme Court on 10 February 2020 upheld the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act of 2018, which nullified its own controversial March 20, 2018 judgment diluting the stringent provisions of the Dalit protection law.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22827-sc-upholds-amendments-sc-st-act.html
#SC #amendments #SRavindraBhat #ArunMishra #PILs
No plans to give permanent status to FC
The government has no plans to give permanent status to the finance commission (FC), Union Minister Anurag Singh Thakur said on 10 February 2020. Currently, the government appoints finance commission for a fixed term.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22826-no-plans-to-give-permanent-status-to-fc.html
#FC #RBI #Article280 #NKSingh #FinanceCommission
Solar Orbiter blasts off
Europe and NASA's Solar Orbiter rocketed into space on 10 February 2020 night on an unprecedented mission to capture the first pictures of the sun's elusive poles.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22825-solar-orbiter-blasts-off.html
#Solar #Orbiter #NASA #spacecraft #sun #Europe
First time ever Jerusalem-Mumbai Festival
The first ‘Jerusalem-Mumbai Festival’ will be held in the capital of Maharashtra this week to showcase the special links between the two cities and to promote ties between India and Israel.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22824-first-time-ever-jerusalem-mumbai-festival.html
#Jerusalem #MumbaiFestival #AmninderSandhu #Israel
Votes to ban homophobic discrimination
Switzerland voted on 9 February 2020 to ban discrimination based on sexual orientation. The country’s referendum-based direct democracy takes many divisive issues to the populace if enough people demand it.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22823-votes-to-ban-homophobic-discrimination.html
#homophobic #discrimination #Votestoban #Switzerland
The Supreme Court on 10 February 2020 upheld the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act of 2018, which nullified its own controversial March 20, 2018 judgment diluting the stringent provisions of the Dalit protection law.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22827-sc-upholds-amendments-sc-st-act.html
#SC #amendments #SRavindraBhat #ArunMishra #PILs
No plans to give permanent status to FC
The government has no plans to give permanent status to the finance commission (FC), Union Minister Anurag Singh Thakur said on 10 February 2020. Currently, the government appoints finance commission for a fixed term.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22826-no-plans-to-give-permanent-status-to-fc.html
#FC #RBI #Article280 #NKSingh #FinanceCommission
Solar Orbiter blasts off
Europe and NASA's Solar Orbiter rocketed into space on 10 February 2020 night on an unprecedented mission to capture the first pictures of the sun's elusive poles.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22825-solar-orbiter-blasts-off.html
#Solar #Orbiter #NASA #spacecraft #sun #Europe
First time ever Jerusalem-Mumbai Festival
The first ‘Jerusalem-Mumbai Festival’ will be held in the capital of Maharashtra this week to showcase the special links between the two cities and to promote ties between India and Israel.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22824-first-time-ever-jerusalem-mumbai-festival.html
#Jerusalem #MumbaiFestival #AmninderSandhu #Israel
Votes to ban homophobic discrimination
Switzerland voted on 9 February 2020 to ban discrimination based on sexual orientation. The country’s referendum-based direct democracy takes many divisive issues to the populace if enough people demand it.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22823-votes-to-ban-homophobic-discrimination.html
#homophobic #discrimination #Votestoban #Switzerland
Ksgindia
SC upholds amendments SC/ST Act | KSG India | Khan Study Group
The Supreme Court on 10 February 2020 upheld the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act of 2018, which nullified its own controversial March 20, 2018 judg
FC constitute a panel
The Fifteenth Finance Commission (FC) has constituted a panel to examine whether a separate mechanism be set up for the funding of defence and internal security.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22862-fc-constitute-a-panel.html
#FC #NKSingh #GDP #FRBM #GST #XVFC
SC rejects new schedule for AGR payments
In a major setback for the telecom companies, the Supreme Court on 14 February 2020 rejected the plea seeking new schedule of AGR payments. Coming down heavily on the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) for not taking coercive action against telcos for failing to repay, the apex court ordered contempt proceedings against Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22861-sc-rejects-new-schedule-for-agr-payments.html
#SC #AGR #DoT #apexcourt #SUC #COAI #SupremeCourt
India, Portugal ink seven pacts
India and Portugal on 14 February 2020 signed seven agreements to boost cooperation in a range of areas after Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Portuguese President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa held extensive talks.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22860-india-portugal-ink-seven-pacts.html
#India #Portugal #Modi #RashtrapatiBhavan #AbuSalem
RK Pachauri died
RK Pachauri, 79, founder director of New Delhi-based think tank The Energy and Resources Institute (Teri) and former chairman of the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), passed away on 13 February 2020.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22859-rk-pachauri-died.html
#RK #Pachauri #IPCC #Teri #IndianRailways #NPP
Space snowman reveals secrets
NASA’s space snowman is revealing fresh secrets from its home far beyond Pluto. More than a year after its close encounter with the snowman-shaped object, the New Horizons spacecraft is still sending back data from more than 4 billion miles (6.4 billion kilometers) away.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22858-space-snowman-reveals-secrets.html
#Space #NASA #snowman #spacecraft #NewHorizons
The Fifteenth Finance Commission (FC) has constituted a panel to examine whether a separate mechanism be set up for the funding of defence and internal security.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22862-fc-constitute-a-panel.html
#FC #NKSingh #GDP #FRBM #GST #XVFC
SC rejects new schedule for AGR payments
In a major setback for the telecom companies, the Supreme Court on 14 February 2020 rejected the plea seeking new schedule of AGR payments. Coming down heavily on the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) for not taking coercive action against telcos for failing to repay, the apex court ordered contempt proceedings against Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22861-sc-rejects-new-schedule-for-agr-payments.html
#SC #AGR #DoT #apexcourt #SUC #COAI #SupremeCourt
India, Portugal ink seven pacts
India and Portugal on 14 February 2020 signed seven agreements to boost cooperation in a range of areas after Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Portuguese President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa held extensive talks.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22860-india-portugal-ink-seven-pacts.html
#India #Portugal #Modi #RashtrapatiBhavan #AbuSalem
RK Pachauri died
RK Pachauri, 79, founder director of New Delhi-based think tank The Energy and Resources Institute (Teri) and former chairman of the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), passed away on 13 February 2020.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22859-rk-pachauri-died.html
#RK #Pachauri #IPCC #Teri #IndianRailways #NPP
Space snowman reveals secrets
NASA’s space snowman is revealing fresh secrets from its home far beyond Pluto. More than a year after its close encounter with the snowman-shaped object, the New Horizons spacecraft is still sending back data from more than 4 billion miles (6.4 billion kilometers) away.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22858-space-snowman-reveals-secrets.html
#Space #NASA #snowman #spacecraft #NewHorizons
Ksgindia
FC constitute a panel | KSG India | Khan Study Group
The Fifteenth Finance Commission (FC) has constituted a panel to examine whether a separate mechanism be set up for the funding of defence and internal security. The five-member group, to be headed
US, Taliban sign historic peace deal
The United States and Taliban on 29 February 2020 signed a historic peace deal to end the 18-year-long confrontation in Afghanistan. The signing was held in Doha of Qatar between US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and representatives of the Taliban.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22998-us-taliban-sign-historic-peace-deal.html
#Taliban #historic #MEA #NarendraModi #Trump
Third election in Israel
Israelis head to the polls on 2 March 2020 with a sense of deja vu after trying and failing twice in the past year to break the country's political deadlock.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22997-third-election-in-israel.html
#election #Israel #BenjaminNetanyahu #DonaldTrump #BennyGantz
SN1 spacecraft blows up
A prototype for SpaceX's Starship super-rocket appeared to burst during a pressure test on its pad at the companys South Texas facility. Footage captured by a Boca Chica resident shows the spaceship, known as SN1, exploding on 28 February 2020 night.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22996-sn1-spacecraft-blows-up.html
#SN1 #spacecraft #CCAFS #NASA #SpaceX #moon
Minimoon found orbiting Earth
In the early hours of February 15, two astronomers at the Mount Lemmon Observatory 9,000 feet above Tucson, Arizona, noticed a small asteroid-like object near the Earth. Kacper Wierzchos and Theodore Pruyne from the Catalina Sky Survey saw this object moving against the steady backdrop of the stars.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22995-minimoon-found-orbiting-earth.html
#Minimoon #Earth #CD3 #gravitational #NASA
The United States and Taliban on 29 February 2020 signed a historic peace deal to end the 18-year-long confrontation in Afghanistan. The signing was held in Doha of Qatar between US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and representatives of the Taliban.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22998-us-taliban-sign-historic-peace-deal.html
#Taliban #historic #MEA #NarendraModi #Trump
Third election in Israel
Israelis head to the polls on 2 March 2020 with a sense of deja vu after trying and failing twice in the past year to break the country's political deadlock.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22997-third-election-in-israel.html
#election #Israel #BenjaminNetanyahu #DonaldTrump #BennyGantz
SN1 spacecraft blows up
A prototype for SpaceX's Starship super-rocket appeared to burst during a pressure test on its pad at the companys South Texas facility. Footage captured by a Boca Chica resident shows the spaceship, known as SN1, exploding on 28 February 2020 night.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22996-sn1-spacecraft-blows-up.html
#SN1 #spacecraft #CCAFS #NASA #SpaceX #moon
Minimoon found orbiting Earth
In the early hours of February 15, two astronomers at the Mount Lemmon Observatory 9,000 feet above Tucson, Arizona, noticed a small asteroid-like object near the Earth. Kacper Wierzchos and Theodore Pruyne from the Catalina Sky Survey saw this object moving against the steady backdrop of the stars.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/22995-minimoon-found-orbiting-earth.html
#Minimoon #Earth #CD3 #gravitational #NASA
Ksgindia
US, Taliban sign historic peace deal | KSG India | Khan Study Group
The United States and Taliban on 29 February 2020 signed a historic peace deal to end the 18-year-long confrontation in Afghanistan. The signing was held in Doha of Qatar between US Secretary of Stat
China launches reusable spacecraft
China on 4 September 2020 successfully launched a reusable experimental spacecraft whose mission details have been kept secret.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/25477-china-launches-reusable-spacecraft.html
#spacecraft #Chinalaunches #LongMarch2F #carrierrocket #UPSCOnlineClasses #OnlineClassses #IASOnlineclasses
China on 4 September 2020 successfully launched a reusable experimental spacecraft whose mission details have been kept secret.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/25477-china-launches-reusable-spacecraft.html
#spacecraft #Chinalaunches #LongMarch2F #carrierrocket #UPSCOnlineClasses #OnlineClassses #IASOnlineclasses
Ksgindia
China launches reusable spacecraft | KSG India | Khan Study Group | Best IAS Coaching Preparation Institute Online
China on 4 September 2020 successfully launched a reusable experimental spacecraft whose mission details have been kept secret. The spacecraft was launched on a Long March-2F carrier rocket from the
China's reusable spacecraft successfully returns
China's reusable experimental spacecraft, which was launched into orbit two days ago, successfully returned to its predetermined landing site on 6 September 2020.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/25525-china-s-reusable-spacecraft-successfully-returns.html
#spacecraft #Chinas #LongMarch2F #carrierrocket #UPSCOnlineClasses #OnlineClassses #IASOnlineclasse
China's reusable experimental spacecraft, which was launched into orbit two days ago, successfully returned to its predetermined landing site on 6 September 2020.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/study-material/news-for-aspirants/25525-china-s-reusable-spacecraft-successfully-returns.html
#spacecraft #Chinas #LongMarch2F #carrierrocket #UPSCOnlineClasses #OnlineClassses #IASOnlineclasse
Ksgindia
China's reusable spacecraft successfully returns | KSG India | Khan Study Group | Best IAS Coaching Preparation Institute Online
China's reusable experimental spacecraft, which was launched into orbit two days ago, successfully returned to its predetermined landing site on 6 September 2020. The spacecraft was launched on boa
Watch: KSG Explainer - NASA launches asteroid-deflecting DART spacecraft #UPSC #IAS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLGJVTgnpJo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLGJVTgnpJo
YouTube
KSG Explainer - NASA launches asteroid-deflecting DART spacecraft #UPSC #IAS
#NASA #KSGExplainer #DART #Spacecraft
World’s first planetary defense system
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
The world’s first planetary defense system called the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft was successfully launched by NASA on 24…
World’s first planetary defense system
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
The world’s first planetary defense system called the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft was successfully launched by NASA on 24…
Today's Headlines - 08 August 2023
Chandrayaan enters moon orbit
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
TWENTY-THREE days after it left earth, Chandrayaan-3, aiming to become the first Indian spacecraft to make a soft landing on the moon, entered lunar orbit, completing another milestone in its journey. This means that the spacecraft which had been moving towards the moon for the last five days — since it emerged out of its earth-bound orbit — has now begun to circle around the moon.
More about the Mission
MOX, ISTRAC, this is Chandrayaan-3. I am feeling lunar gravity, said ISRO, putting words to what must only be an electronic signal from the spacecraft to the Mission Operations Complex (MOX) at the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC).
As of now, the spacecraft is in an elliptical orbit around the moon, that is 18,074 km from the lunar surface at its farthest and 164 km at the nearest.
This orbit altitude would be lowered progressively over the next few days, ultimately achieving a circular orbit of 100 km x 100 km, from which a final descent on the lunar surface is planned around 23 August 2023.
This is the third time that an Indian spacecraft has entered lunar orbit. The previous two Chandrayaan missions had also reached this phase.
Flashback
Chandrayaan-1 was only meant to be an orbiter, it did send out an instrument called Moon Impact Probe to crash land on the lunar surface.
Chandrayaan-2 was supposed to make a soft landing but could not, faltering in the last few seconds of its journey.
Chandrayaan-3 has taken slightly less time to reach the lunar orbit compared to Chandrayaan-2, which reached this destination in 30 days. But Chandrayaan-3 will spend more time in the lunar orbit, before attempting the soft landing.
If the soft landing is successful, it will make India the fourth country in the world to do so after the US, Russia and China.
Chandrayaan-3 is attempting to become the first mission to land near the lunar south pole. Other missions have so far landed close to the moon’s equator.
#upsc #news #headline #chandrayaan #moon #orbit #space #technology #indian #spacecraft #softlanding #milestone #mission #ISRO #MOX #telemetry #tacking #network #ISTRAC #lunar
Chandrayaan enters moon orbit
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
TWENTY-THREE days after it left earth, Chandrayaan-3, aiming to become the first Indian spacecraft to make a soft landing on the moon, entered lunar orbit, completing another milestone in its journey. This means that the spacecraft which had been moving towards the moon for the last five days — since it emerged out of its earth-bound orbit — has now begun to circle around the moon.
More about the Mission
MOX, ISTRAC, this is Chandrayaan-3. I am feeling lunar gravity, said ISRO, putting words to what must only be an electronic signal from the spacecraft to the Mission Operations Complex (MOX) at the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC).
As of now, the spacecraft is in an elliptical orbit around the moon, that is 18,074 km from the lunar surface at its farthest and 164 km at the nearest.
This orbit altitude would be lowered progressively over the next few days, ultimately achieving a circular orbit of 100 km x 100 km, from which a final descent on the lunar surface is planned around 23 August 2023.
This is the third time that an Indian spacecraft has entered lunar orbit. The previous two Chandrayaan missions had also reached this phase.
Flashback
Chandrayaan-1 was only meant to be an orbiter, it did send out an instrument called Moon Impact Probe to crash land on the lunar surface.
Chandrayaan-2 was supposed to make a soft landing but could not, faltering in the last few seconds of its journey.
Chandrayaan-3 has taken slightly less time to reach the lunar orbit compared to Chandrayaan-2, which reached this destination in 30 days. But Chandrayaan-3 will spend more time in the lunar orbit, before attempting the soft landing.
If the soft landing is successful, it will make India the fourth country in the world to do so after the US, Russia and China.
Chandrayaan-3 is attempting to become the first mission to land near the lunar south pole. Other missions have so far landed close to the moon’s equator.
#upsc #news #headline #chandrayaan #moon #orbit #space #technology #indian #spacecraft #softlanding #milestone #mission #ISRO #MOX #telemetry #tacking #network #ISTRAC #lunar
Today's Headlines - 09 August 2023
Nuclear-powered rocket cut travel time to Mars
GS Paper - 3 (Energy)
In less than three years, NASA could be testing a nuclear rocket in space. The space agency and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, announced that Lockheed Martin had been selected to design, build and test a propulsion system that could one day speed astronauts on a trip to Mars. The program is named DRACO, short for the Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations.
What if a spacecraft could get to Mars in half the time it currently takes?
Every 26 months or so, Mars and Earth are close enough for a shorter journey between the worlds. But even then it is a pretty long trip, lasting seven to nine months. For most of the time, the spacecraft is just coasting through space.
But if the spacecraft could continue accelerating through the first half of the journey and then start slowing down again, the travel time could be slashed.
Current rocket engines, which typically rely on the combustion of a fuel like hydrogen or methane with oxygen, are not efficient enough to accomplish that; there is not enough room in the spacecraft to carry that much propellant.
But nuclear reactions, generating energy from the splitting of uranium atoms, are much more efficient.
The DRACO engine would consist of a nuclear reactor that would heat hydrogen from a chilly minus 420 degrees Fahrenheit to a toasty 4,400 degrees, with the hot gas shooting from a nozzle to generate thrust. Greater fuel efficiency could speed up journeys to Mars, reducing the amount of time astronauts spend exposed to the treacherous environment of deep space.
Nuclear propulsion could also have uses closer to home, which is why DARPA is investing in the project. The technology may allow rapid maneuvers of military satellites in orbit around Earth.
Flashback
Nuclear propulsion for space is not a new idea. In the 1950s and 1960s, Project Orion — financed by NASA, the Air Force and the Advanced Research Projects Agency — contemplated using the explosions of atomic bombs to accelerate spacecraft.
At the same time, NASA and other agencies also undertook Project Rover and Project NERVA, efforts that aimed to develop nuclear-thermal engines similar in concept to those now being pursued by the DRACO program.
A series of 23 reactors were built and tested, but none were ever launched to space. Until the end of this program in 1973, NASA had contemplated using nuclear reactors to propel space probes to Jupiter, Saturn and beyond, as well as to provide power at a lunar base.
The technical capabilities, including early safety protocols, remain viable today, Tabitha Dodson, the DRACO project manager, said in a news briefing on 2 August 2023.
A key difference between NERVA and DRACO is that NERVA used weapons-grade uranium for its reactors, while DRACO will use a less-enriched form of uranium. The reactor would not be turned on until it reached space, part of the precautions to minimize the possibility of a radioactive accident on Earth.
#upsc #news #headline #nuclear #rocket #travel #mars #energy #space #propulsion #system #trip #darpa #astronauts #DRACO #demonstration #agile #cislunar #spacecraft #earth #journey #engines #hydrogen #methane #fuel #oxygen #uranium #DARPA #technology #NERVA
Nuclear-powered rocket cut travel time to Mars
GS Paper - 3 (Energy)
In less than three years, NASA could be testing a nuclear rocket in space. The space agency and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, announced that Lockheed Martin had been selected to design, build and test a propulsion system that could one day speed astronauts on a trip to Mars. The program is named DRACO, short for the Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations.
What if a spacecraft could get to Mars in half the time it currently takes?
Every 26 months or so, Mars and Earth are close enough for a shorter journey between the worlds. But even then it is a pretty long trip, lasting seven to nine months. For most of the time, the spacecraft is just coasting through space.
But if the spacecraft could continue accelerating through the first half of the journey and then start slowing down again, the travel time could be slashed.
Current rocket engines, which typically rely on the combustion of a fuel like hydrogen or methane with oxygen, are not efficient enough to accomplish that; there is not enough room in the spacecraft to carry that much propellant.
But nuclear reactions, generating energy from the splitting of uranium atoms, are much more efficient.
The DRACO engine would consist of a nuclear reactor that would heat hydrogen from a chilly minus 420 degrees Fahrenheit to a toasty 4,400 degrees, with the hot gas shooting from a nozzle to generate thrust. Greater fuel efficiency could speed up journeys to Mars, reducing the amount of time astronauts spend exposed to the treacherous environment of deep space.
Nuclear propulsion could also have uses closer to home, which is why DARPA is investing in the project. The technology may allow rapid maneuvers of military satellites in orbit around Earth.
Flashback
Nuclear propulsion for space is not a new idea. In the 1950s and 1960s, Project Orion — financed by NASA, the Air Force and the Advanced Research Projects Agency — contemplated using the explosions of atomic bombs to accelerate spacecraft.
At the same time, NASA and other agencies also undertook Project Rover and Project NERVA, efforts that aimed to develop nuclear-thermal engines similar in concept to those now being pursued by the DRACO program.
A series of 23 reactors were built and tested, but none were ever launched to space. Until the end of this program in 1973, NASA had contemplated using nuclear reactors to propel space probes to Jupiter, Saturn and beyond, as well as to provide power at a lunar base.
The technical capabilities, including early safety protocols, remain viable today, Tabitha Dodson, the DRACO project manager, said in a news briefing on 2 August 2023.
A key difference between NERVA and DRACO is that NERVA used weapons-grade uranium for its reactors, while DRACO will use a less-enriched form of uranium. The reactor would not be turned on until it reached space, part of the precautions to minimize the possibility of a radioactive accident on Earth.
#upsc #news #headline #nuclear #rocket #travel #mars #energy #space #propulsion #system #trip #darpa #astronauts #DRACO #demonstration #agile #cislunar #spacecraft #earth #journey #engines #hydrogen #methane #fuel #oxygen #uranium #DARPA #technology #NERVA
Today's Headlines - 09 August 2023
The legacy of the Voyager mission
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) lost communication with Earth’s longest-running space probe, Voyager 2, the space agency detected a “heartbeat” signal from the spacecraft. Although too faint for extraction of data, the detected signal confirms that Voyager 2, which is about 19.9 billion kilometres away from Earth, is still operating.
Why were the Voyager spacecraft sent into space?
In 1972, NASA cancelled its plans of exploring the five outer planets (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) with four highly complex spacecraft — the proposal, estimated to cost $ 1 billion, was scrapped due to budgetary constraints.
Instead, it proposed to send the Voyager probes, initially slated to explore only Jupiter and Saturn. In 1974, however, it was decided that if one spacecraft completes the mission, the other one would be redirected towards Uranus and then Neptune.
Interestingly, the spacecraft were scheduled for a take-off towards the end of the 1970s for a reason.
NASA chose the particular launch window to take advantage of a rare alignment of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune that occurs once every 175 years.
The alignment allowed the spacecraft to harness the gravity of each planet and swing from one to the next using relatively minimal amounts of fuel. NASA first demonstrated the technique with its Mariner 10 mission to Venus and Mercury from 1973 to 1975.
Voyager 2 was launched on 20 August 1977, two weeks before the 5 September Voyager 1 takeoff.
This reversal of order took place as the two spacecraft were put on different trajectories — Voyager 1 was set on a path to reach Jupiter and Saturn, ahead of Voyager 2.
What are the most notable achievements of the Voyager spacecraft?
Fifteen months after its launch, Voyager 1 reached its first target planet, Jupiter, on 5 March 1979, and was soon followed by Voyager 2, which arrived there on 9 July.
The most interesting discoveries made by Voyager 1 included the finding that Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, was geologically active.
After the Saturn expedition, as Voyager 1 headed on a trajectory to escape the solar system, Voyager 2 was redirected towards Uranus — both probes had fulfilled their primary mission goals but scientists kept them operational for further exploration.
Voyager 2 arrived at Uranus in 1986, becoming the first human-made object to fly past the aquamarine planet.
The spacecraft took stunning photographs and confirmed that the main constituents of Uranus are hydrogen and helium.
Then, the probe went to Neptune. Becoming the first human-made object to fly by the planet in 1989, Voyager 2 made some more notable discoveries there.
Apart from finding new moons and rings, it discovered that Neptune is more active than previously thought — winds on the planet blow at the speed of 1,100 kph.
After the Neptune encounter, Voyager 2, like Voyager 1, was put on the path to head out of the solar system. While Voyager 1 officially entered interstellar space in August 2012, Voyager 2 made its entry in November 2018.
#upsc #news #headline #voyager #mission #legacy #space #technology #national #aeronautics #spacecraft #data #NASA #planets #jupiter #saturn #uranus #neptune #mars #mercury #solar #moons
The legacy of the Voyager mission
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) lost communication with Earth’s longest-running space probe, Voyager 2, the space agency detected a “heartbeat” signal from the spacecraft. Although too faint for extraction of data, the detected signal confirms that Voyager 2, which is about 19.9 billion kilometres away from Earth, is still operating.
Why were the Voyager spacecraft sent into space?
In 1972, NASA cancelled its plans of exploring the five outer planets (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) with four highly complex spacecraft — the proposal, estimated to cost $ 1 billion, was scrapped due to budgetary constraints.
Instead, it proposed to send the Voyager probes, initially slated to explore only Jupiter and Saturn. In 1974, however, it was decided that if one spacecraft completes the mission, the other one would be redirected towards Uranus and then Neptune.
Interestingly, the spacecraft were scheduled for a take-off towards the end of the 1970s for a reason.
NASA chose the particular launch window to take advantage of a rare alignment of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune that occurs once every 175 years.
The alignment allowed the spacecraft to harness the gravity of each planet and swing from one to the next using relatively minimal amounts of fuel. NASA first demonstrated the technique with its Mariner 10 mission to Venus and Mercury from 1973 to 1975.
Voyager 2 was launched on 20 August 1977, two weeks before the 5 September Voyager 1 takeoff.
This reversal of order took place as the two spacecraft were put on different trajectories — Voyager 1 was set on a path to reach Jupiter and Saturn, ahead of Voyager 2.
What are the most notable achievements of the Voyager spacecraft?
Fifteen months after its launch, Voyager 1 reached its first target planet, Jupiter, on 5 March 1979, and was soon followed by Voyager 2, which arrived there on 9 July.
The most interesting discoveries made by Voyager 1 included the finding that Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, was geologically active.
After the Saturn expedition, as Voyager 1 headed on a trajectory to escape the solar system, Voyager 2 was redirected towards Uranus — both probes had fulfilled their primary mission goals but scientists kept them operational for further exploration.
Voyager 2 arrived at Uranus in 1986, becoming the first human-made object to fly past the aquamarine planet.
The spacecraft took stunning photographs and confirmed that the main constituents of Uranus are hydrogen and helium.
Then, the probe went to Neptune. Becoming the first human-made object to fly by the planet in 1989, Voyager 2 made some more notable discoveries there.
Apart from finding new moons and rings, it discovered that Neptune is more active than previously thought — winds on the planet blow at the speed of 1,100 kph.
After the Neptune encounter, Voyager 2, like Voyager 1, was put on the path to head out of the solar system. While Voyager 1 officially entered interstellar space in August 2012, Voyager 2 made its entry in November 2018.
#upsc #news #headline #voyager #mission #legacy #space #technology #national #aeronautics #spacecraft #data #NASA #planets #jupiter #saturn #uranus #neptune #mars #mercury #solar #moons
Today's Headlines - 12 August 2023
Russia’s Luna-25 mission
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
As the Chandrayaan-3 mission tightens its orbit around the Moon, Russia was launched its first moon-landing spacecraft in 47 years on 11 August 2023. The Luna-25 mission is scheduled to land on the Moon on 23 August 2023, the same day as Chandrayaan-3’s planned landing.
More about Luna-25
Luna-25 was launched from the Vosthochny cosmodrome in the Russian Far East less than a month after Chandrayaan-3 launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota.
The Russian mission will try to land on the lunar South Pole just like the Indian mission, aiming for a prized destination that may hold significant quantities of ice that could be used to extract oxygen and fuel in the future.
If either of the missions succeeds before the other, it will be the first one to land on the lunar South Pole in human history.
Roscosmos, Russia’s ISRO counterparts said that Luna-25 will practice soft-landing, analyse soil samples and conduct long-term scientific research on the Moon’s surface.
The Chandrayaan-3 mission is carrying an orbiter, a lander and a rover. The lander and rover are carrying many scientific payloads.
This is Russia’s first lunar mission since 1976 when the country was part of the Soviet Union and it will be completed without equipment from the European Space Agency (ESA). ESA ended its cooperation with Roscosmos after Russia invaded Ukraine.
Luna-25 has a mass of 1.8 tons and carries 31 kilograms of scientific equipment, including some that it will use to take rock samples from up to a depth of 15 centimetres to test for the presence of water that could be used to support future crewed missions to the Moon.
The mission was originally scheduled to launch in October 2021 but was marred by many delays.
The Russian mission will take a lot less time to reach the Moon than Chandrayaan-3 because the latter is taking a longer route that takes advantage of the gravities of the Earth and the Moon to use a lot less fuel.
Russia willevacuate villagers from a village near the launch site due to a “one in a million chance” that one of the rocket stages that launches could fall to the Earth there.
#upsc #news #headline #russia #luna #mission #space #technology #chandrayaan #moon #spacecraft #vosthochny #cosmodrome #lunar #southpole #indianmission #oxygen #soil #history #land #human #orbiter #ESA #launch #gravaities #earth #october #rover #ISRO #fuel
Russia’s Luna-25 mission
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
As the Chandrayaan-3 mission tightens its orbit around the Moon, Russia was launched its first moon-landing spacecraft in 47 years on 11 August 2023. The Luna-25 mission is scheduled to land on the Moon on 23 August 2023, the same day as Chandrayaan-3’s planned landing.
More about Luna-25
Luna-25 was launched from the Vosthochny cosmodrome in the Russian Far East less than a month after Chandrayaan-3 launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota.
The Russian mission will try to land on the lunar South Pole just like the Indian mission, aiming for a prized destination that may hold significant quantities of ice that could be used to extract oxygen and fuel in the future.
If either of the missions succeeds before the other, it will be the first one to land on the lunar South Pole in human history.
Roscosmos, Russia’s ISRO counterparts said that Luna-25 will practice soft-landing, analyse soil samples and conduct long-term scientific research on the Moon’s surface.
The Chandrayaan-3 mission is carrying an orbiter, a lander and a rover. The lander and rover are carrying many scientific payloads.
This is Russia’s first lunar mission since 1976 when the country was part of the Soviet Union and it will be completed without equipment from the European Space Agency (ESA). ESA ended its cooperation with Roscosmos after Russia invaded Ukraine.
Luna-25 has a mass of 1.8 tons and carries 31 kilograms of scientific equipment, including some that it will use to take rock samples from up to a depth of 15 centimetres to test for the presence of water that could be used to support future crewed missions to the Moon.
The mission was originally scheduled to launch in October 2021 but was marred by many delays.
The Russian mission will take a lot less time to reach the Moon than Chandrayaan-3 because the latter is taking a longer route that takes advantage of the gravities of the Earth and the Moon to use a lot less fuel.
Russia willevacuate villagers from a village near the launch site due to a “one in a million chance” that one of the rocket stages that launches could fall to the Earth there.
#upsc #news #headline #russia #luna #mission #space #technology #chandrayaan #moon #spacecraft #vosthochny #cosmodrome #lunar #southpole #indianmission #oxygen #soil #history #land #human #orbiter #ESA #launch #gravaities #earth #october #rover #ISRO #fuel
Today's Headlines - 21 August 2023
Russia’s Luna-25 crashes
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
Russia’s Moon mission ended in failure after its spacecraft Luna-25 spun out of control and crashed into the moon, Russian space agency Roscosmos said on 20 August 2023.
What happened to Luna-25?
Luna-25 was supposed to land on the Moon on 21 August 2023, days ahead of India’s Chandrayaan-3. Its intended landing site was close to Chandrayaan-3’s, near the lunar south pole.
The crash was confirmed a day after Roscosmos reported an “abnormal situation” which its specialists were analysing.
The space agency had said on 19 August 2023 that it had lost contact with the aircraft as it was shunted into pre-landing orbit.
On 19 August 2023, in accordance with the flight program of the Luna-25 spacecraft, an impulse was provided for the formation of its pre-landing elliptical orbit.
Communication with the Luna-25 spacecraft was interrupted. The measures taken on 19 and 20 August 2023 to search for the device and get into contact with it did not produce any results. According to the results of the preliminary analysis, due to the deviation of the actual parameters of the impulse from the calculated ones, the device switched to an off-design orbit and ceased to exist as a result of a collision with the lunar surface, Roscosmos said.
The space agency also said, A specially formed interdepartmental commission will deal with the issues of clarifying the reasons for the loss of the Moon [mission].
What was the Luna-25 mission?
Although launched on 10 August 2023, almost a month after Chandrayaan-3’s launch on 14 July, Luna-25 rode on a powerful rocket to reach the lunar orbit in just six days.
It was supposed to land on the lunar South Pole before Chandrayaan-3, and its success would have made Russia the first country to do so. Luna-25’s mission life was for one year, and its lift-off mass was 1,750 kg.
It did not carry a rover, but had eight payloads mainly to study the soil composition, dust particles in the polar exosphere, and most importantly detect surface water on the moon.
Significance
The failure of Luna-25 underlines how tricky soft-landings on the Moon are, and echoes India’s heartbreak of 2019.
Since 1976, there has been just one country, China, which has been successful in getting its spacecraft to soft land on the moon.
It has done that twice, with Chang’e 3 and Chang’e 4. All other attempts in the last ten years, by India, Israel, Japan and now Russia, have remained unsuccessful.
If Chandrayaan-3 is able to land successfully, India would become just the fourth country in the world, after the United States, the erstwhile Soviet Union and China, to have landed a spacecraft on moon, and the first-ever to land close to the lunar south pole.
#upsc #news #headline #Russia #luna #crashes #space #technology #moonmission #failure #spacecraft #india #chandrayaan #aircraft #southpole #flight #situation #interdepartmental #comission #reasons #orbit #firstcountry #soilcomposition #particles #polar #exosphere #israel #japan #softland #world #india #states #soviet #china #southpole #rocket #collision #agency
Russia’s Luna-25 crashes
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
Russia’s Moon mission ended in failure after its spacecraft Luna-25 spun out of control and crashed into the moon, Russian space agency Roscosmos said on 20 August 2023.
What happened to Luna-25?
Luna-25 was supposed to land on the Moon on 21 August 2023, days ahead of India’s Chandrayaan-3. Its intended landing site was close to Chandrayaan-3’s, near the lunar south pole.
The crash was confirmed a day after Roscosmos reported an “abnormal situation” which its specialists were analysing.
The space agency had said on 19 August 2023 that it had lost contact with the aircraft as it was shunted into pre-landing orbit.
On 19 August 2023, in accordance with the flight program of the Luna-25 spacecraft, an impulse was provided for the formation of its pre-landing elliptical orbit.
Communication with the Luna-25 spacecraft was interrupted. The measures taken on 19 and 20 August 2023 to search for the device and get into contact with it did not produce any results. According to the results of the preliminary analysis, due to the deviation of the actual parameters of the impulse from the calculated ones, the device switched to an off-design orbit and ceased to exist as a result of a collision with the lunar surface, Roscosmos said.
The space agency also said, A specially formed interdepartmental commission will deal with the issues of clarifying the reasons for the loss of the Moon [mission].
What was the Luna-25 mission?
Although launched on 10 August 2023, almost a month after Chandrayaan-3’s launch on 14 July, Luna-25 rode on a powerful rocket to reach the lunar orbit in just six days.
It was supposed to land on the lunar South Pole before Chandrayaan-3, and its success would have made Russia the first country to do so. Luna-25’s mission life was for one year, and its lift-off mass was 1,750 kg.
It did not carry a rover, but had eight payloads mainly to study the soil composition, dust particles in the polar exosphere, and most importantly detect surface water on the moon.
Significance
The failure of Luna-25 underlines how tricky soft-landings on the Moon are, and echoes India’s heartbreak of 2019.
Since 1976, there has been just one country, China, which has been successful in getting its spacecraft to soft land on the moon.
It has done that twice, with Chang’e 3 and Chang’e 4. All other attempts in the last ten years, by India, Israel, Japan and now Russia, have remained unsuccessful.
If Chandrayaan-3 is able to land successfully, India would become just the fourth country in the world, after the United States, the erstwhile Soviet Union and China, to have landed a spacecraft on moon, and the first-ever to land close to the lunar south pole.
#upsc #news #headline #Russia #luna #crashes #space #technology #moonmission #failure #spacecraft #india #chandrayaan #aircraft #southpole #flight #situation #interdepartmental #comission #reasons #orbit #firstcountry #soilcomposition #particles #polar #exosphere #israel #japan #softland #world #india #states #soviet #china #southpole #rocket #collision #agency
LUNA 25 - Russia's Moon mission ended in failure after its spacecraft Luna - 25 spun out of control and crashed into the moon.
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The points can be used as ‘parking spots’ for spacecraft in space to remain in a fixed position with minimal fuel consumption.
They have been named after Italian-French mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736-1813), who was the first one to find the positions. So, between the Earth and the Sun, a satellite can occupy any of five Lagrangian points. “Of the five Lagrange points, three are unstable and two are stable. The unstable Lagrange points – labelled L1, L2, and L3 – lie along the line connecting the two large masses. The stable Lagrange points – labelled L4 and L5 – form the apex of two equilateral triangles. The L4 and L5 are also called Trojan points and celestial bodies like asteroids are found here.
#upsc #news #headline #india #first #sun #observatory #launched #space #technology #ISRO #AdityaL1 #firstspace #mission #SatishDhawan #spacecentre #Sriharikota #softland #spacecraft #nearmoon #southpole #polar #satellite #launch #PSLV #workhouse #rocket #chandrayaan #Mangalyaan #boosters #synchronous #orbit #lowerearth #haloorbit #chromosphere #corona #plasma #spectrometer #trojan #point #asteroids
They have been named after Italian-French mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736-1813), who was the first one to find the positions. So, between the Earth and the Sun, a satellite can occupy any of five Lagrangian points. “Of the five Lagrange points, three are unstable and two are stable. The unstable Lagrange points – labelled L1, L2, and L3 – lie along the line connecting the two large masses. The stable Lagrange points – labelled L4 and L5 – form the apex of two equilateral triangles. The L4 and L5 are also called Trojan points and celestial bodies like asteroids are found here.
#upsc #news #headline #india #first #sun #observatory #launched #space #technology #ISRO #AdityaL1 #firstspace #mission #SatishDhawan #spacecentre #Sriharikota #softland #spacecraft #nearmoon #southpole #polar #satellite #launch #PSLV #workhouse #rocket #chandrayaan #Mangalyaan #boosters #synchronous #orbit #lowerearth #haloorbit #chromosphere #corona #plasma #spectrometer #trojan #point #asteroids
Today's Headlines - 05 September 2023
A sunrace of significant global missions
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
In the wake of the Indian Space Research Organisation's successful launch of its inaugural solar mission, Aditya-L1,, let's embark on a journey through key missions from space agencies worldwide, all dedicated to unravelling the enigmatic secrets of the Sun.
A Sunrace
USA
US: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the US space agency, launched the Parker Solar Probe in August 2018. In December 2021, Parker flew through the Sun's upper atmosphere, the corona, and sampled particles and magnetic fields there. This was the first time ever that a spacecraft touched the Sun, according to NASA.
In February 2020, NASA joined hands with the European Space Agency (ESA) and launched The Solar Orbiter to collect data to find out how the Sun created and controlled the constantly changing space environment throughout the solar system.
Other active solar missions by NASA are Advanced Composition Explorer launched in August, 1997; Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory in October, 2006; Solar Dynamics Observatory in February, 2010; and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph launched in June, 2013.
Also, in December, 1995, NASA, ESA and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) jointly launched the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO).
Japan
JAXA, Japan's space agency, launched its first solar observation satellite, Hinotori (ASTRO-A), in 1981. The objective was to study solar flares using hard X-rays, according to JAXA. JAXA's other solar exploratory missions are Yohkoh (SOLAR-A) launched in 1991; SOHO (along with NASA and ESA) in 1995; and Transient Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE), along with NASA, in 1998.
In 2006, Hinode (SOLAR-B) was launched, which was the successor to Yohkoh (SOLAR-A), the orbiting solar observatory. Japan launched it in collaboration with the US and the UK. The objective of Hinode, an observatory satellite, is to study the impact of the Sun on the Earth.
Yohkoh's objective was to observe solar flares and the solar corona. It was the first satellite to track almost an entire 11-year solar activity cycle.
Europe
In October, 1990, the ESA launched Ulysses to study the environment of space above and below the poles of the Sun, giving scientists information about the variable effect the Sun has on the space surrounding it. Other than solar missions launched in collaboration with NASA and the JAXA, the ESA launched Proba-2 in October, 2001.
Proba-2 is the second of the Proba series, building on nearly eight years of successful Proba-1 experience, even as Proba-1 was not a solar exploratory mission. On-board Proba-2 were four experiments, two of them were solar observation experiments.
Proba stands for Project for On-Board Autonomy. Upcoming solar missions of the ESA include Proba-3, scheduled for 2024 and Smile, scheduled for 2025.
China
The Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) was successfully launched by the National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), in October, 2022. The ASO-S mission is designed to reveal connections among the solar magnetic field, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs).
Solar flares and CMEs are eruptive solar phenomena, thought to be driven by changes in the Sun's magnetic field.
#upsc #news #headline #sunrace #significant #global #missions #spacetechnology #indian #space #organisation #AdityaL1 #NASA #Solar #magnetic #fields #spacecraft #firsttime #orbiter #ESA #enviroments #spectrograph #JAXA #SOHO #japan #USA #EUROPE #CHINA #ASO #CMEs #autonomy #mission
A sunrace of significant global missions
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
In the wake of the Indian Space Research Organisation's successful launch of its inaugural solar mission, Aditya-L1,, let's embark on a journey through key missions from space agencies worldwide, all dedicated to unravelling the enigmatic secrets of the Sun.
A Sunrace
USA
US: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the US space agency, launched the Parker Solar Probe in August 2018. In December 2021, Parker flew through the Sun's upper atmosphere, the corona, and sampled particles and magnetic fields there. This was the first time ever that a spacecraft touched the Sun, according to NASA.
In February 2020, NASA joined hands with the European Space Agency (ESA) and launched The Solar Orbiter to collect data to find out how the Sun created and controlled the constantly changing space environment throughout the solar system.
Other active solar missions by NASA are Advanced Composition Explorer launched in August, 1997; Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory in October, 2006; Solar Dynamics Observatory in February, 2010; and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph launched in June, 2013.
Also, in December, 1995, NASA, ESA and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) jointly launched the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO).
Japan
JAXA, Japan's space agency, launched its first solar observation satellite, Hinotori (ASTRO-A), in 1981. The objective was to study solar flares using hard X-rays, according to JAXA. JAXA's other solar exploratory missions are Yohkoh (SOLAR-A) launched in 1991; SOHO (along with NASA and ESA) in 1995; and Transient Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE), along with NASA, in 1998.
In 2006, Hinode (SOLAR-B) was launched, which was the successor to Yohkoh (SOLAR-A), the orbiting solar observatory. Japan launched it in collaboration with the US and the UK. The objective of Hinode, an observatory satellite, is to study the impact of the Sun on the Earth.
Yohkoh's objective was to observe solar flares and the solar corona. It was the first satellite to track almost an entire 11-year solar activity cycle.
Europe
In October, 1990, the ESA launched Ulysses to study the environment of space above and below the poles of the Sun, giving scientists information about the variable effect the Sun has on the space surrounding it. Other than solar missions launched in collaboration with NASA and the JAXA, the ESA launched Proba-2 in October, 2001.
Proba-2 is the second of the Proba series, building on nearly eight years of successful Proba-1 experience, even as Proba-1 was not a solar exploratory mission. On-board Proba-2 were four experiments, two of them were solar observation experiments.
Proba stands for Project for On-Board Autonomy. Upcoming solar missions of the ESA include Proba-3, scheduled for 2024 and Smile, scheduled for 2025.
China
The Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) was successfully launched by the National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), in October, 2022. The ASO-S mission is designed to reveal connections among the solar magnetic field, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs).
Solar flares and CMEs are eruptive solar phenomena, thought to be driven by changes in the Sun's magnetic field.
#upsc #news #headline #sunrace #significant #global #missions #spacetechnology #indian #space #organisation #AdityaL1 #NASA #Solar #magnetic #fields #spacecraft #firsttime #orbiter #ESA #enviroments #spectrograph #JAXA #SOHO #japan #USA #EUROPE #CHINA #ASO #CMEs #autonomy #mission
Today's Headlines - 08 September 2023
JAXA successful launch lander SLIM on Moon
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) congratulated Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) on 7 September 2023 for the successful launch of the Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM).
More about SLIM
Japan launched its H-IIA rocket on 7 September 2023 carrying the JAXA Moon lander which is scheduled to land on the Moon early next year.
The rocket carried an X-ray telescope called the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), which will study the origins of the universe. XRISM will measure the composition and speed of intergalactic space.
This space mission aims to help scientists to understand celestial object formation and the universe's creation.
This mission was conducted in collaboration with NASA, and it will involve studying light at various wavelengths, temperature assessments, and analysing the shapes and brightness of celestial objects.
Onboard the rocket is JAXA's Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) spacecraft also known as the "Moon Sniper" for its precision landing technology.
This launch follows India's recent achievement of becoming the fourth nation to successfully land a spacecraft on the Moon with its Chandrayaan-3 mission. The launch comes two weeks after India successfully landed Vikram lander on the lunar South Pole.
Japan had previously experienced two unsuccessful attempts to land on the Moon. The first resulted in a loss of contact with a lander carried by a NASA rocket, and the second, an attempt by a Japanese start-up, ended in a crash during the lunar descent in April.
#upsc #news #headline #JAXA #launch #lander #SLIM #Moon #space #technology #indian #research #organisation #ISRO #japan #rocket #telescope #spectroscopy #intergalactric #XRISM #formation #spacecraft #moon #sniper #fourthnation #vikramlander #lunar #southpole #india #southpole
JAXA successful launch lander SLIM on Moon
GS Paper - 3 (Space Technology)
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) congratulated Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) on 7 September 2023 for the successful launch of the Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM).
More about SLIM
Japan launched its H-IIA rocket on 7 September 2023 carrying the JAXA Moon lander which is scheduled to land on the Moon early next year.
The rocket carried an X-ray telescope called the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), which will study the origins of the universe. XRISM will measure the composition and speed of intergalactic space.
This space mission aims to help scientists to understand celestial object formation and the universe's creation.
This mission was conducted in collaboration with NASA, and it will involve studying light at various wavelengths, temperature assessments, and analysing the shapes and brightness of celestial objects.
Onboard the rocket is JAXA's Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) spacecraft also known as the "Moon Sniper" for its precision landing technology.
This launch follows India's recent achievement of becoming the fourth nation to successfully land a spacecraft on the Moon with its Chandrayaan-3 mission. The launch comes two weeks after India successfully landed Vikram lander on the lunar South Pole.
Japan had previously experienced two unsuccessful attempts to land on the Moon. The first resulted in a loss of contact with a lander carried by a NASA rocket, and the second, an attempt by a Japanese start-up, ended in a crash during the lunar descent in April.
#upsc #news #headline #JAXA #launch #lander #SLIM #Moon #space #technology #indian #research #organisation #ISRO #japan #rocket #telescope #spectroscopy #intergalactric #XRISM #formation #spacecraft #moon #sniper #fourthnation #vikramlander #lunar #southpole #india #southpole