No Aryan invasion over South Asia
A latest study by a team of archaeologists has busted the previously believed theories that all South Asians have an Aryan ancestry.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/index.php/study-material/news-for-aspirants/21410-no-aryan-invasion-over-south-asia
#SouthAsia #Aryan #DNA #Haryana #BCE #Zagrosmountains
TSENTR 2019
Even as the relationship between India and Pakistan continues to remain tense, the armies of the two nations will take part in a multi-national military exercise in Russia next week – China will also take part in the exercise.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/index.php/study-material/news-for-aspirants/21409-tsentr-2019
#TSENTR2019 #Pakistan #VOSTOK2018 #India #JammuandKashmir
Soft landing of Vikram
The crucial landing of ‘Vikram’, Chandrayaan-2’s moon lander, will be carried out by at least eight onboard equipment in a coordinated manner.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/index.php/study-material/news-for-aspirants/21408-soft-landing-of-vikram
#Vikram #Chandrayaan2 #Pragyaan #LHDAC #LASA #ISRO #NASA
India to host 6th India-China SED
India will host the 6th India-China Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED) that will focus on collaboration between two countries on areas of infrastructure, energy, high-tech, resource conservation, pharmaceuticals an policy coordination.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/index.php/study-material/news-for-aspirants/21407-india-to-host-6th-india-china-sed
#SED #India #NDRC #RajivKumar #NITIAayog #infrastructure
Volcanic eruption set off a phytoplankton bloom
The eruption last year of the Kilauea volcano in Hawaii produced the equivalent of 320,000 Olympic-size swimming pools of lava. Much of it ended up flowing into the Pacific Ocean, creating plumes of acidic, glassy steam in the process.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/index.php/study-material/news-for-aspirants/21406-volcanic-eruption-set-off-a-phytoplankton-bloom
#Hawaii #Volcanic #phytoplankton #Olympic
A latest study by a team of archaeologists has busted the previously believed theories that all South Asians have an Aryan ancestry.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/index.php/study-material/news-for-aspirants/21410-no-aryan-invasion-over-south-asia
#SouthAsia #Aryan #DNA #Haryana #BCE #Zagrosmountains
TSENTR 2019
Even as the relationship between India and Pakistan continues to remain tense, the armies of the two nations will take part in a multi-national military exercise in Russia next week – China will also take part in the exercise.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/index.php/study-material/news-for-aspirants/21409-tsentr-2019
#TSENTR2019 #Pakistan #VOSTOK2018 #India #JammuandKashmir
Soft landing of Vikram
The crucial landing of ‘Vikram’, Chandrayaan-2’s moon lander, will be carried out by at least eight onboard equipment in a coordinated manner.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/index.php/study-material/news-for-aspirants/21408-soft-landing-of-vikram
#Vikram #Chandrayaan2 #Pragyaan #LHDAC #LASA #ISRO #NASA
India to host 6th India-China SED
India will host the 6th India-China Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED) that will focus on collaboration between two countries on areas of infrastructure, energy, high-tech, resource conservation, pharmaceuticals an policy coordination.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/index.php/study-material/news-for-aspirants/21407-india-to-host-6th-india-china-sed
#SED #India #NDRC #RajivKumar #NITIAayog #infrastructure
Volcanic eruption set off a phytoplankton bloom
The eruption last year of the Kilauea volcano in Hawaii produced the equivalent of 320,000 Olympic-size swimming pools of lava. Much of it ended up flowing into the Pacific Ocean, creating plumes of acidic, glassy steam in the process.
Read More: https://www.ksgindia.com/index.php/study-material/news-for-aspirants/21406-volcanic-eruption-set-off-a-phytoplankton-bloom
#Hawaii #Volcanic #phytoplankton #Olympic
Ksgindia
No Aryan invasion over South Asia - KSG India | Khan Study Group
KSG India - Khan Study Group - India's Best IAS Coaching Center for General Studies and CSAT in Delhi, Jaipur, Bhopal, Indore, Patna and Bengaluru.
Today's Headlines - 02 August 2023
Climate change is altering the colour of the oceans
GS Paper - 3 (Environment)
The colour of the Earth’s oceans has significantly altered over the past two decades, most likely due to human-induced climate change, according to a new study. Over 56 per cent of the oceans, more than the total land area on the planet, has experienced the shift in colour, it added. The study, ‘Global climate-change trends detected in indicators of ocean ecology’, was published in the journal Nature.
What makes the oceans colourful in the first place?
In most regions across the world, the oceans appear blue or navy blue for a reason. This happens due to “the absorption and scattering of light”.
When the sunlight falls on deep and clear water, colours with longer wavelengths, such as red, yellow and green, are absorbed by the water molecules but blue and violet, which have a much shorter wavelength, are reflected back.
When sunlight hits the ocean, some of the light is reflected back directly but most of it penetrates the ocean surface and interacts with the water molecules that it encounters.
The red, orange, yellow, and green wavelengths of light are absorbed so that the remaining light we see is composed of the shorter wavelength blues and violets.
But when the water isn’t deep or clean, an ocean can appear to be of a different colour.
For instance, along Argentina’s coastline, where major rivers merge into the Atlantic Ocean, the ocean exudes a brown tint because of dead leaves and sediments spewing from the rivers.
In other parts of the world, the oceans appear green, which happens due to the existence of phytoplankton on the upper surface of the water.
Phytoplanktons are microscopic marine algae that contain the green-coloured pigment chlorophyll.
The pigment helps them absorb sunlight, which they use to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into sugars. Moreover, chlorophyll absorbs the red and blue portions of the light spectrum — or photosynthesis — and reflects green light.
What methods were used to carry out the study?
To conduct the study, Cael and his team first analysed data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite, which has been monitoring ocean colour since 2002 — the measurements are taken in terms of the amount of light coming off the surface of the oceans, at all seven of the different wavelengths of light, from violet to red.
The examination of 20 years worth of data indicated that in more than 50 per cent of the world’s oceans, the colour has changed.
Then, to check if the phenomenon has occurred due to climate change, researchers used a climate model – a computer representation of the Earth.
This model simulated the planet’s oceans under two scenarios: one with the addition of greenhouse gases, and the other without it.
The greenhouse-gas model predicted that a significant trend should show up within 20 years and that this trend should cause changes to ocean colour in about 50 percent of the world’s surface oceans — almost exactly what Cael found in his analysis of real-world satellite data.
#upsc #news #headline #climate #colour #oceans #pigment #phytoplankton #chlorophyll #sediments #spewing #rivers #spectrum #methods #MODIS #NASA #Aqua #satellite #world #earth #wavelength #gases #greenhouse #data #planet
Climate change is altering the colour of the oceans
GS Paper - 3 (Environment)
The colour of the Earth’s oceans has significantly altered over the past two decades, most likely due to human-induced climate change, according to a new study. Over 56 per cent of the oceans, more than the total land area on the planet, has experienced the shift in colour, it added. The study, ‘Global climate-change trends detected in indicators of ocean ecology’, was published in the journal Nature.
What makes the oceans colourful in the first place?
In most regions across the world, the oceans appear blue or navy blue for a reason. This happens due to “the absorption and scattering of light”.
When the sunlight falls on deep and clear water, colours with longer wavelengths, such as red, yellow and green, are absorbed by the water molecules but blue and violet, which have a much shorter wavelength, are reflected back.
When sunlight hits the ocean, some of the light is reflected back directly but most of it penetrates the ocean surface and interacts with the water molecules that it encounters.
The red, orange, yellow, and green wavelengths of light are absorbed so that the remaining light we see is composed of the shorter wavelength blues and violets.
But when the water isn’t deep or clean, an ocean can appear to be of a different colour.
For instance, along Argentina’s coastline, where major rivers merge into the Atlantic Ocean, the ocean exudes a brown tint because of dead leaves and sediments spewing from the rivers.
In other parts of the world, the oceans appear green, which happens due to the existence of phytoplankton on the upper surface of the water.
Phytoplanktons are microscopic marine algae that contain the green-coloured pigment chlorophyll.
The pigment helps them absorb sunlight, which they use to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into sugars. Moreover, chlorophyll absorbs the red and blue portions of the light spectrum — or photosynthesis — and reflects green light.
What methods were used to carry out the study?
To conduct the study, Cael and his team first analysed data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite, which has been monitoring ocean colour since 2002 — the measurements are taken in terms of the amount of light coming off the surface of the oceans, at all seven of the different wavelengths of light, from violet to red.
The examination of 20 years worth of data indicated that in more than 50 per cent of the world’s oceans, the colour has changed.
Then, to check if the phenomenon has occurred due to climate change, researchers used a climate model – a computer representation of the Earth.
This model simulated the planet’s oceans under two scenarios: one with the addition of greenhouse gases, and the other without it.
The greenhouse-gas model predicted that a significant trend should show up within 20 years and that this trend should cause changes to ocean colour in about 50 percent of the world’s surface oceans — almost exactly what Cael found in his analysis of real-world satellite data.
#upsc #news #headline #climate #colour #oceans #pigment #phytoplankton #chlorophyll #sediments #spewing #rivers #spectrum #methods #MODIS #NASA #Aqua #satellite #world #earth #wavelength #gases #greenhouse #data #planet