ZEKR, MIT Shia Muslim Association
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Ahlulbayt Islamic Society

To promote the teachings of the Qur'an, the Prophet Muhammad, and the Twelve Imams.
admin: eventszekrmit@gmail.com, website: https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
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درس گفتارهای تاریخ اندیشه و تمدن اسلامی

🌐 بصورت مجازی، به فارسی

«تاريخ انديشه های کلامی و فقهی زيديه از قرن سوم تا قرن يازدهم قمری»
توسط دکتر حسن انصاری

جلسه دوم، یکشنبه ۱۹ ژانویه، ۱۰:۰۰ صبح تا ۱۲:۰۰ ظهر (به وقت شرق آمریکا)

Zoom Participation (webinar):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/93933325521

#زيديه_کلام_و_فقه_قرن_سوم_تا_یازدهم
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Special Topic Lecture Series

🌐 Virtual, in English

🔹Sunday Jan 19, 7:00-9:00 pm ET
Lecture (in English), 9, "Mary in the Qur'an"
Speaker, Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
About Speaker (Bio)

Zoom Participation (virtual):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/92377466698

#Mary_in_Quran
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGaryRLQBX4&list=PLRagz8v-1fF4KGgyePWeEuzvu1CDfo7B2&t=3s

"Mary in the Qur'an", Lecture 8 (1/2)
speaker: Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Jan 12, 2025

Chapters:
0:00 Greetings & Introductory Remarks
1:49 Reading the English translation of the Q66:11-12 verses.
2:48 Brief review of previous lectures.
3:08 List of Surahs related to the Hazrat Maryam in Qur'an in Chronological Order of Revelation and the Order of the Verses.
4:09 Brief explanation of why verses Q19:34-40 will be discussed while they are not apparently directly related to Mary.
5:32 A look to the main five new points/issues and their interrelation that this lecture series wants to address: 1)The Family of Imran ( آل عمران) and Family of Jesus; 2)The Sister of Aaron; 3)Joseph the Carpenter(3: 44,23: 50,3: 36,19: 29); 4)James (Jacob) the Just brother of Jesus and the fate of the true Christianity; 5)Who was the Ancestor of the mother of the twelfth Imam, Imam Mahdi, Nargis Khatoon Simon the Cephas or Simon the Clophas (Cleophas or Cleopas) brother of Jesus and James.
9:03 Review of Genealogy of Jesus, Mary and Joseph the Carpenter as it is listed in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. The dual Priestly(Aaronic) and Royal (Davidic) lineage of Mary and Jesus. the Dead Sea Scrolls devout community were anticipating a prophet like Moses and the two messiahs one from Davidic and one from Aaronic lineage.
24:54 The Genealogy of Mary on the basis of a ancient Syriac manuscript found in Sinai peninsula(Sinai Syr.16). A different tradition in which the name of the father and mother of Mary are named as to be Zadoq (صادق) and Dina instead of Joachim and Anna(Hannah or Anne), which is not necessarily contradictory, but with the emphasize on the dual Aaronic and Davidic lineage for Mary and that Mary and Joseph Carpenter were relative and their great grand father, Eleazar, was the same.
41:59 A brief look to the Rhyme and saj' in the surah 19 Maryam and the change in the rhyme in the verses Q19:34-40 respect to the verses before and after it.
50:52 Reading the English translation of Q19:34-40
57:47 Three arguments which are used the Q19:34-40 verses are added latter:1)Different Rhyme, 2)Parenthetical digression and 3)Polemic against Christianity.
59:54 Polemics against Christianity (divinity of Jesus) has been very early in Qur'an for Example Q112 Surah Al-Ikhlas although its first target audience is polytheists of Mecca and Hijaz but has a criticism of divine sonship of Jesus.
1:07:48 An example of adding a verse in Medina to a Meccan surah. Verse 20 of the Surah Muzammil Surah 73.
1:11:32 Examples of change of rhyme in the suras of Qur'an
1:17:03 Tafsir Al-Mizan written by M.H. Tabatabai commentary on verses Q19:34-37. Verses Q19:36 is exactly repeated in Q3:51, Q43:64 and alluded to in Q5:117 and has intertextuality with Gospel of John20:17.

#Mary_in_Quran
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGaryRLQBX4&list=PLRagz8v-1fF4KGgyePWeEuzvu1CDfo7B2&t=3s

"Mary in the Qur'an", Lecture 8 (2/2)
speaker: Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Jan 12, 2025

Chapters:
1:30:16 The three Views: 1)Traditional View which believes Qur'an is revealed by God and its content does not reflect the knowledge and understanding of Prophet Muhammad but the divine being, 2)Historical-Critical (secular) View (Guillaume Dye and Stephen Shoemaker) that believes Qur'an (specially verses 19:1-63) shows deep knowledge of Christianity in such a degree that could not have exited in Hijaz of first half of 7th century therefore these verses must have been composed by someone and in some place with deep knowledge of Bible, Christianity and Judaism for example in Jerusalem after the conquests. 3)Historical-Critical (Secular) View (Nicolai Sinai and Sean W Anthony) that Qur'an familiarity with Christianity is not that deep that could not have been acquired by diffusion or missionary activity, while we know bible was translated to Arabic after Islam.
1:38:20 Profile of the "Author" of Qur'an Q19:1-63 as described by Guillaume Dye The Qur'anic Mary and the Chronology of the Qur'an. Including deep familiarity with Luke1, Kathisma Church narratives , Jerusalem Marian Liturgy, familiarity with the "Cycle of Abraham" from the book of Genesis of the Bible, some knowledge of Hebrew and Aramaic. good command of Greek and a deep knowledge of Christology that enabled him to write a text of convergence which could work as a kind of biggest common Christological denominator, that could attract the most among the Christian community of his time.

#Mary_in_Quran
Special Event, Eid al-Mab’ath

🌐 In-Person, in English

Speaker
: Ammar Pabaney
Lecture: "Nabi-al-Ummi (PBUH): Could the Prophet (PBUH) read and write?"

Date
Friday January 24th, 2025
7:30 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time)

Location
MIT Student Center, 2nd Floor, Lobdell Hall, 84 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139

Schedule
7:30-7:35 Quran Recitation
7:35-7:45 Poem
7:45-8:45 Lecture and Q&A, in English
8:45-9:00 Ziyarat of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
9:00-9:30 Dinner

- About Speaker (Bio)

https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQMZxu8N8Ks&list=PLRagz8v-1fF50PxfxIwuE0dnm4TkaVspd&t=1s

"The History of Zaydiyya Theological and Jurisprudential Thoughts: From the 3rd Century to the 11th Century", Lecture 2
speaker, Dr. Hassan Ansari
Jan 19, 2025

🟥 Lecture in Farsi, can be watched with closed caption (CC) and auto-translate on our channel.

Session 2:
In this session, we first discussed the point that Zayd ibn Ali (a) is usually regarded as the figure from whom the Sayyids of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) in the second century AH took inspiration to rise against the Umayyads and Abbasids. This statement is correct; from his son Yahya to al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, to Husayn al-Fakhi. However, none of these Alawids revolted with the claim to Imamate in the sense that the Zaydiya later developed within their doctrinal framework. Ancient Shia narrations also emphasize that Zayd ibn Ali did not rise against the Umayyads claiming Imamate for himself. What, then, was the meaning of their revolt and uprising?

Who was the first among the Sayyids of the Ahl al-Bayt to rise with the claim to Zaydi Imamate? Neither al-Nafs al-Zakiyya nor Husayn al-Fakhi were Zaydi in their beliefs. The first person among the Sayyids to rise with the ideology of Zaydi Imamate was Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tabataba, at the end of the second century AH.

We also discussed that Zaydism as a sect is more closely associated not with Zayd ibn Ali (a) but with the early Zaydis of Kufa in the early third century AH on the one hand, and the school of Qasim al-Rassi and his descendants in Yemen at the beginning of the fourth century AH on the other hand. Without exception, everything that has been attributed to Zayd ibn Ali from texts and books is not originally his. The only work that has authenticity is the Musnad of Zayd ibn Ali, which, however, has its primary roots in Abu Khalid al-Wasiti, who in it attributes certain legal teachings to Zayd ibn Ali. Whatever is contained in this ancient Kufi text dates back to the mid-second century AH. The remaining works attributed to Zayd are not his.

#zaydiyya_theology_jurisprudence
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تاريخ انديشه های کلامی و فقهی زيديه از قرن سوم تا قرن يازدهم قمری، دکتر حسن انصاری

جلسه دوم: در اين جلسه، نخست از اين نکته بحث کرديم که زيد بن علي (ع) معمولا به عنوان کسی تلقی می شود که سادات اهل بيت (ع) در سده دوم قمری با الگو گرفتن از او بر عليه امويان و عباسيان قيام کردند. اين سخن درست است؛ از فرزندش يحیی تا نفس زکيه تا حسين فخي. با اين وصف هيچ کدام از اين علويان به ادعای امامت به مفهومی که بعدها زيديه در دستگاه فکری خود از امامت سراغ می گرفتند قيام نکردند. در روايات کهن اماميه هم بر اين تأکيد شده که زيد بن علی با ادعای امامت برای خود نبود که بر عليه امويان قيام کرد. معنای خروج و قيام آنان چه بود؟ اولين کسی که از ميان سادات اهل بيت با ادعای امامت زيدی قيام کرد که بود؟ نه نفس زکيه زيدی مذهب بود و نه حسين فخی. اولين شخصی که در ميان سادات با انديشه امامت زيدی قيام کرد محمد بن ابراهيم طباطبا بود در آخر سده دوم قمری. همچنين از اين بحث کرديم که زیدیه مذهبی است که بیش از آنکه به زيد بن علی (ع) بتوان آن را نسبت داد متعلق به زیدیان کوفی اوائل سده سوم قمری از یک سو و مکتب قاسم رسي و اخلافش در يمن در آغاز سده چهارم از ديگر سوست. بی استثناء هر آنچه به زيد بن علی از متن و کتاب نسبت داده شده از او نيست. تنها موردی که اصالتی دارد مسند زید بن علی است که البته هسته اوليه آن از ابو خالد واسطی است و او در آن تعالیمی فقهی را به زید بن علی نسبت می دهد. هر چه هست این متن ریشه کهنه کوفی از نیمه سده دوم قمری دارد. مابقی آثاری که به زید نسبت داده اند از او نیست. (۱۹ ژانویه، ۲۰۲۵)

#زيديه_کلام_و_فقه_قرن_سوم_تا_یازدهم
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
"Living in the Time of Adversity"
Guest Speaker: Hassanain Rajabali
Friday, January 31, 2025, 7:30 pm ET
45 min lecture followed by another 45 min Q&A and interactive discussion.

✳️ RSVP is required:
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/calendar_event/special-event-eids-of-shaban/

@zekrMIT
25 Rajab (Jan. 26): Martyrdom of Imam Musa al-Kadhim (p), 183 A.H.

السَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا وَلِيَّ اللّٰهِ وَابْنَ وَلِيِّهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا حُجَّةَ اللّٰهِ وَابْنَ حُجَّتِهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا صَفِيَّ اللّٰهِ وَابْنَ صَفِيِّهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يا أَمِينَ اللّٰهِ وَابْنَ أَمِينِهِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا نُورَ اللّٰهِ فِي ظُلُماتِ الْأَرْضِ، السَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا إِمامَ الْهُدىٰ، السَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا عَلَمَ الدِّينِ وَالتُّقىٰ، السَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا خازِنَ عِلْمِ النَّبِيِّينَ، السَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا خازِنَ عِلْمِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ، السَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا نائِبَ الْأَوْصِياءِ السَّابِقِينَ،

@zekrMIT
upcoming events, Jan 30-31, 2025

▫️Thursday Jan 30, 5:30-7:00 pm (virtual, in English)
Dua Kumayl & Lecture, Month of Sha'ban.

▫️Friday Jan 31, 7:30-10:00 pm (in-person, in English)
Special Event, Guest Speaker: Hassanain Rajabali,
RSVP is required:
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/calendar_event/special-event-eids-of-shaban/

visit us:
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Dua Kumayl & Lecture, Month of Sha’ban

🌐 Virtual, in English

Date
Thursday January 30th, 2025
5:30 pm to 7:00 pm (Eastern Time)

Location
Online, Detail Below

Schedule
5:30-5:35 Quran Recitation
5:35-6:15 Lecture, in English, H. I. Doagoo (joining by zoom)
Title: “Understanding the Month of Shaban: Its Spiritual Significance and Reported Supplications”
6:15-6:20 Q&A
6:20-6:50 Dua Kumayl
6:50-7:00 Ziyarat Warith

- About Speaker (Bio)

Zoom Participation (virtual):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/92377466698

https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Special Event, Eids of Sha’ban

🌐 In-Person, in English

Guest Speaker
: Hassanain Rajabali
Lecture: "Living in the Time of Adversity"

Moderator: Sara Hassan

Date
Friday January 31st, 2025
7:30 pm to 10:00 pm (Eastern Time)

Location
MIT Student Center, 2nd Floor, Lobdell Hall, 84 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139

Schedule
7:30-7:35 Quran Recitation
7:35-8:00 Sha’baniyya Supplication
8:00-9:30 Lecture and Q&A, in English
9:30-10:00 Dinner

- About Speaker (Bio)

✳️ RSVP is now closed.

https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
The Crescent Moon of the Month of Shaban, 1446 A.H. From the Crescent Committee of The Council of Shia Muslim Scholars of North America - Read more here:
https://ow.ly/OfRb50UQFmt

3 Shaban (Feb. 2): Birthday Anniversary of Imam Hussain ibn Ali (p)
4 Shaban (Feb. 3): Birthday Anniversary of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas (p)
5 Shaban (Feb. 4): Birth Anniversary of Imam Zayn al-Abidin (p)
15 Shaban (Feb. 14): Birth Anniversary of Imam al-Mahdi (p)
upcoming events, Feb 2-7, 2025

▫️Sunday Feb 2, 10:00 am-12:00 pm (virtual, in Farsi | Eng Subs)
Lecture Series, 3, "The History of Zaydiyya Theological and Jurisprudential Thoughts", Hassan Ansari, IAS, Princeton.

▫️Sunday Feb 2, 7:00-9:00 pm (virtual, in English)
Special Topics, 10, "Mary in the Qur'an", Farhad Ghoddoussi, Wayne State University, Michigan.

▫️Friday Feb 7, 7:30-9:30 pm (hybrid, in English)
Quran Study, Special Topics.

visit us:
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
درس گفتارهای تاریخ اندیشه و تمدن اسلامی

🌐 بصورت مجازی، به فارسی

«تاريخ انديشه های کلامی و فقهی زيديه از قرن سوم تا قرن يازدهم قمری»
توسط دکتر حسن انصاری

جلسه سوم، یکشنبه ۲ فوریه، ۱۰:۰۰ صبح تا ۱۲:۰۰ ظهر (به وقت شرق آمریکا)

Zoom Participation (webinar):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/93933325521

#زيديه_کلام_و_فقه_قرن_سوم_تا_یازدهم
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jphhxSb594c&list=PLRagz8v-1fF4KGgyePWeEuzvu1CDfo7B2&t=1s

"Mary in the Qur'an", Lecture 9
speaker: Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Jan 19, 2025

Chapters:
0:00 Greetings & Introductory Remarks
0:51 Reading the English translation of the Q66:11-12 verses.
1:44 Brief Review of what discussed in the last few lectures.
2:12 List of the Surahs of Qur'an related to the Maryam in the chronological order of revelation and the order with which the verses related to Maryam will be discussed in this series of lectures.
3:49 Reading the English translation of Q19:28 and Q3:42-43 with some comments.
7:54 Tafsir Al-Mizan commentary on Q19:28 and the four opinions in regard to why Mary being referred to as "O sister of Aaron" in Q19:28.
15:00 Looking to some shi'i and sunni hadiths (narrations) related to Q19:28.
36:21 The Study Qur'an commentary on Q19:28.
40:00 Looking to a thread about Q19:28 by Sean W. Anthony (Associate Professor of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures at Ohio State University), its evaluation and criticism.
58:08 Looking to the views of Guillaume Dye on Q19:28 and Mary being referred to as sister of Aaron in the Qur'an.
1:06:56 Tafsir Al-Mizan Commentary on Q3:42-43.
The questions to focus and address: 1)Whether angels speaking to Mary made her a prophet? 2) What the two choosing and purification in between in Q3:42 is referring to? 3) Was the purification spiritual and moral or had a physical dimension, for example, lack of menstruation, too? 4) Whether the phrase" the women of the world" refers to women before and at the time of Mary or includes women after her, too?
1:25:08 Looking to some shi'i and sunni hadiths (narrations) related to Q3:42-43.
1:30:11 Looking to The Study Qur'an commentary on Q3:42-43.
1:33:35 Intertextuality of Q3:42-43 with Luke1:29, 31&42; ProtoGospel of James Chapter 11 and the The Gospel of the Nativity of Mary Chapter 9 (closest to Qur'an).
1:40:26 A historical survey of the commentaries on Q3:42-43 by looking to the seven commentators: Tabari, Zimakhshari, Fakhr Razi, Muhammad Rashid Rida, Abul al- Futuh Razi, Maula Fath Allah Kashani and Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai, where the first four are considered sunni and the last three shi'i commentators. In this survey, we focused on the 4 questions listed above, especially the meaning of "purification" of Mary and whether it had a physical dimension in addition to spiritual or moral or not.

One important point of emphasize in this lecture was those who understand purification of Mary by God in verse Q3:42 in a legal (fiqhi) framework and consider it means lack of menstruation (which is a latter developed idea and not seen in the early commentators) are wrong in two levels. First their understanding does not match with Qur'an and Christian sources that the reason Mary had to leave the temple and the contest for her guardianship in Q3:44 was her menstruation, and second, this understanding of purification physically not only does not elevate her but by distorting her womaness, impedes her function as an exemplar role model, as it is emphasized in Q66:11-12.

#Mary_in_Quran