Caste Census


👉Caste census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording the caste-wise tabulation of India’s population.

👉Every Census in independent India from 1951 to 2011 has published data on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, but not on other castes.

👉Before that, every Census until 1931 had data on caste.
However, in 1941, caste-based data was collected but not published.

👉In the absence of such a census, there is no proper estimate for the population of OBCs, various groups within the OBCs, and others.

👉The Mandal Commission estimated the OBC population at 52%, some other estimates have been based on National Sample Survey data.

👉Some political parties make their own estimates in states and Lok Sabha and Assembly seats during elections.


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World Inequality Report 2022

👉The recently released World Inequality Report 2022, India is now among the most unequal countries in the world.

👉The report was released by the World Inequality Lab, which aims to promote research on global inequality dynamics.

👉This report presents the most up-to-date synthesis of international research efforts to track global inequalities.

👉The poorest half of the global population “barely owns any wealth” possessing just 2% of the total, whereas the richest 10% of the global population own 76% of all wealth.

👉Report notes that, top 1 % of India's population owns more than one-fifth of the total national income in 2021.

👉The bottom half of the population earns just 13.1 per cent.

👉It highlights that, economic reforms and liberalization that India has adopted, have mostly benefited the top 1 percent.

👉Report identifies India as a poor and an unequal country, with an affluent elite.

👉1 percent richest people in India hold 22% of the total national income in 2021, while the top 10 % own 57 per cent of the income.

👉Average national income of the Indian adult population is Rs 204,200 in 2021, on the basis of purchasing power parity.

👉However, the report clarified that the average national income of a country masks inequalities.



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Global Health Security Index 2021

👉The GHS Index is the first comprehensive assessment and benchmarking of health security and related capabilities across the 195 countries that make up the States Parties to the International Health Regulations.

👉It is a project of the Johns Hopkins Centre for Health Security, the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) and the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and was first launched in October 2019.

👉It assesses countries across 6 categories, 37 indicators, and 171 questions using publicly available information.

👉It benchmarks health security in the context of other factors critical to fighting outbreaks, such as political and security risks, the broader strength of the health system, and country adherence to global norms.

👉In 2021, no country scored in the top tier of rankings and no country scored above 75.9, the report showed.

👉The world’s overall performance on the GHS Index score slipped to 38.9 (out of 100) in 2021, from a score of 40.2 in the GHS Index, 2019.

👉This, even as infectious diseases are expected to have the greatest impact on the global economy in the next decade.

👉Some 101 countries high-, middle- and low-income countries, including India, have slipped in performance since 2019


👉India, with a score of 42.8 (out of 100) too, has slipped by 0.8 points since 2019.

👉Three neighboring countries — Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Maldives — have improved their score by 1-1.2 points.



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Global Risks Report 2022

👉The World Economic Forum recently released the Global Risks Report 2022. Cybersecurity, pandemic, climate change and space advancements are the emerging risks to global economy.

👉The global economy is to shrink by 2.3% by 2024. However, in developing countries this is to be 5.5%. In rich countries, it will be 0.9%.

👉The online platforms have increased tremendously during the pandemic. The COVID has brought in major work shift.

👉 People are now attending classes online. This has increased the security risks.

👉The cyber threats are growing at humanely uncontrollable rates. The criminals are using tougher tactics and therefore, the cyber threats are becoming more aggressive day by day.

👉 Cryptocurrencies are creating easy path of escape for the cyber criminals. Today 90% of the ransomware attacks are paid in cryptocurrencies.

👉The costs of rocket launching technologies are falling. This has led a new space race, not between countries, but between government and private companies.

👉While private launchers such as Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos are launching satellites and astronauts, governments are focusing on military satellites.

👉 This is creating friction in the orbit. The risks of debris collision, congestion are increasing.

👉The three top climate risks are loss of biodiversity, extreme weather and failure to act on climate change.

👉While economies are trying to move towards zero emissions, rapid actions are required. The report calls the climate actions by world countries as “Disorderly”.

👉 Faster shift from the intense carbon polluters is the need of the moment.

👉In the past two years, during the pandemic, the world top 20% (the richest) has recovered their losses. On the other hand, the bottom 20% have lost 5% more.

👉Less than 16% of the people (participated in the survey) were optimistic about the economic outlook of the world.


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