Mount Girnar

👉Mount Girnar is a major igneous plutonic complex which intruded into the basalts towards the close of the Deccan Trap period.

👉Girinar is one of the most ancient Hindu and Jain pilgrimage shrine in India.

👉Girnar, also known as Girinagar ('city-on-the-hill') or Revatak Parvata, is a group of mountains in the Junagadh District of Gujarat, India.

👉Mount Girnar has Gorakhnath peak, Guru Dattatreya peak and a Jain temple.

👉It is the place where 22nd Tirthankar Lord Neminath attained Nirvana.

👉Temples located in the hill are sacred to the Digambara and the Svetambara branches of Jainism.

👉Recently a 2.3 Km long rope way has been inaugurated in India, it is being touted as the longest temple ropeway in Asia.


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Char Dham project

👉The Char Dham highway project connects the four himalayan shrines of Gangotri, Yamunotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath in Garhwal Himalayas.

👉It has an 899-km road which the Centre wants to broaden near Dehradun.

👉The Char Dham is a set of four pilgrimage sites in India.

👉It is believed that visiting these sites helps achieve moksha (salvation).

👉The four Dhams are Badrinath, Dwaraka, Puri and Rameswaram.


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Konyak Nagas

👉They are known to be one of the fiercest warrior tribes in Nagaland.

👉Population of roughly 3 lakh, the area inhabited by the Konyaks extends into Arunachal Pradesh, with a sizable population in Myanmar as well.

👉The Konyaks were the last to give up the practice of head-hunting – severing heads of enemies after attacking rival tribes – as late as the 1980s.

👉Mon is the only district in Nagaland where the separatist group has not been able to set up base camps, largely due to resistance from the Konyaks.

👉The Konyaks therefore, are imperative for a smooth resolution of the peace talks, as well as the post-talk peace process in the state.

👉Around 4,700 Konyak Naga women, in their colourful traditional attire came together on April 5, 2019, in an attempt to set a Guinness World Record for the “Largest Traditional Konyak Dance”.


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Intangible Cultural Heritage

👉UNESCO has added Kolkata’s Durga Puja to the World List of Intangible Cultural Heritage 2021.

👉This coveted list is made up of those intangible heritage elements that help demonstrate diversity of cultural heritage and raise awareness about its importance.

👉The list was established in 2008 when the Convention for Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage came into effect.

👉The Ministry of Culture has also launched the draft National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) of India.

👉The National ICH List is an attempt to recognize the diversity of Indian culture embedded in its intangible heritage.

👉This initiative is also a part of the Vision 2024 of the Ministry of Culture.


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SC permits Bullock Cart racing in Maharashtra

👉The Supreme Court allowed Maharashtra to hold the traditional bullock cart racing event, which has been prohibited since 2017.

👉The decision was based on the amendments to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960 implemented by the state, in line with Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

👉Bullock cart is a popular and traditional sport in Western Maharashtra and in Pune district.

👉Apart from a traditional sporting event, the rural economy too is associated with bullock cart races.

👉The court observed that there was no reason to disallow it in the state when similar sports were going on in other places across the country.

👉If it is a traditional sport and going on all across the country except Maharashtra, it does not appeal to common sense.


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Kalibari temple

👉Ramna Kali Temple is a temple in Dhaka. The temple is dedicated to the Goddess Kali and is believed to have been built during the Mughal period.

👉The temple gained prominence in the early 20th century when the renowned saint Ma Anandamayi built her ashram within temple premises.

👉However, the temple was destroyed in 1971 by the Pakistani Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War. In 2017, the Government of India had pledged money for reconstruction efforts of the temple.

👉And now the temple has been inaugurated by the President of India after reconstruction was completed.


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Chillai Kalan

👉Kashmir is in a deep freeze as the 40-day harshest spell of winter, locally called ‘chillai kalan’ has started with the minimum temperature already sub-zero in the entire Valley.

👉Chillai Kalan is the coldest 40-day period of harsh winter in the Jammu and Kashmir region.

👉It is traditionally defined as a seasonal period of harsh winter accompanied by a change in increase in both frequency and quantity of precipitation usually snow.

👉It begins from December 21 and ends on January 31 next year.

👉It is followed by a 20-day long Chillai-Khurd (small cold) that occurs between January 31 and February 19 and a 10-day long Chillai-Bachha (baby cold).

👉According to Persian tradition, the night of 21st December is celebrated as Shab-e Yalda-“Night of Birth”, or Shab-e Chelleh “Night of Forty”.


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Makar Sankranti

👉Makar Sankranti is a Hindu festival, dedicated to expressing gratitude to the Sun God and nature for their abundant resources and good produce during the winter harvest festival.

👉 Makar Sankranti marks the entry of the sun into the zodiac sign of Makara (Capricorn) as it travels on its celestial path.

👉Makar Sankranti is also referred to as Maghi, Poush Sankranti, or simply Sankranthi in different parts of the country. It is celebrated in North India, especially in Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh.

👉On the festival of Makar Sankranti, people take a holy dip in the rivers, offer prayer to Sun God as a part of Makar Sankranti Puja, and also donate grains, sweets, and til to the needy.


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Pandit Birju Maharaj and Kathak

👉Brij Mohan Nath Mishra (popularly known as Pandit Birju Maharaj), one of India's most famous and favorite artists, belonged to the Kalka-Bindadin gharana of Lucknow, a classical Kathak dance form. He was born on February 4, 1938 in Lucknow.

👉Birju Maharaj's father and guru Achhan Maharaj, uncle Shambhu Maharaj and Lachhu Maharaj were also famous Kathak dancers.

👉The artistic personality of Pandit Birju Maharaj has been such, which is considered to be beyond logic.

👉He was a guru, dancer, choreographer, singer and composer. He used to play percussion, write poetry and paint. His disciples are well-known artists and have spread all over the world.

👉Awarded Padma Vibhushan in 1983, Birju Maharaj also choreographed dance in several Bollywood films, including Umrao Jaan, Dedh Ishqiya, Bajirao Mastani. Apart from Padma Vibhushan, he has also received Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and Kalidas Samman.

👉In 2012, he was awarded the National Film Award for choreography in the film Vishwaroopam.

👉Apart from this, he received the Filmfare Award in the year 2016 for the choreography of the song 'Mohe Rang Do Laal' by Bajirao Mastani.

👉Along with this, he also received honorary doctorates from Banaras Hindu University and Khairagarh University.


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Chintamani Padya Natakam

👉It is a stage play penned by social reformer, writer and poet Kallakuri Narayana Rao about 100 years ago.

👉In the play, the writer explains how people neglect their families by falling prey to certain social evils.

👉It was aimed to create awareness on the Devadasi system and how the flesh trade was ruining many families at that particular period.

👉Subbisetty, Chintamani, Bilvamangaludu, Bhavani Shankaram, and Srihari are some of the characters in the play.

👉The play is named after the main character, Chintamani, a woman born into a family involved in the flesh trade.

👉The play focuses on how she attained salvation after repentance.

👉Subbi Shetty, a character in the play, loses his wealth to Chintamani and his character is utilised in a way that engages the audience.

👉Chintamani play is popular across the state. It has been performed at thousands of places.

👉The play continues to engage the audience even today and has become a must stage play in villages during Dasara celebrations.

👉The Andhra Pradesh government has brought the curtains down on the popular Telugu play ‘Chintamani Padya Natakam’, .

👉Began as a social sermon, this play has been increasingly vulgar.

👉Subbi Shetty, who resembles a person of a transgender community, is used to portray the social group in a bad way.

👉Obscene dialogues are added to the play in the name of creativity.


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Medaram Jathara 2022

👉Second-largest fair of India, after the Kumbh Mela

👉Celebrated by the second-largest Tribal Community of Telangana- the Koya tribe for four days.

👉Declared a State Festival in 1996.

👉Conducted in honour of the Goddesses Sammakka and Saralamma

👉Celebrated once in two years in the month of “Magha” (February) on the full moon day.


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Kuki tribe

👉The Kukis constitute one of several hill tribes within India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.

👉In Northeast India, they are present in all states except Arunachal Pradesh.

👉Some fifty tribes of Kuki peoples in India are recognised as scheduled tribes.

👉The first resistance to British hegemony by the Kuki people was the Kuki Rebellion of 1917-19 after which their territory was subjugated by the British and divided between the administrations of British India and British Burma.

👉Up until their defeat in 1919, the Kukis had been an independent people ruled by their chieftains.

👉The majority of Kukis are Christians. Traditionally, the Kukis were animists.

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Karakattam Dance

👉Karakattam is a form of folk dance performed at festivals, conferences, roadshows and primarily at Mariamman festivals.

👉 It is one of the many creative traditions that owe their existence to Mariamman, the rain goddess.

👉While the dance form is not dying, it has undergone radical change and adaptation in recent years.

👉Karakattam and agriculture have a link. It is because the Mariamman pooja is held in the month of Medam after Makarakoythu (harvest season) in Kerala,

👉Mariamman is considered to be the goddess of the rain.

👉Karakattam is mostly famous in Tamil Nadu, it’s performed in different parts of Kerala as well.

❇️Characteristics:

✅Karakattam performances are characterised by a lot of swaying movements and joyous banter.

✅It requires a lot of practice and dedication. Three tiers of flower arrangements of different colours sit on top of a container filled to the brim with either water, rice, or soil.
All of this is balanced on the head of a Karakattam dancer while he or she dances.”

✅Other highlights include blowing fire, inserting needles into eyes, and keeping balance while holding a bottle parallel to the ground on the performer’s back.


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