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The Seventh Anniversary of the Victory of Adwa and Its Celebration

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ሰበር ችሎቱ የውጭ ሃገር ሰዎች (ኩባንያ) የንግድ ምልክት ጥበቃ ላይ የህግ ትርጉም ሰጠ

የፌዴራል ጠቅላይ ፍርድ ቤት ሰበር ችሎ በአመልካች አቶ አህመድ አብዱራህማን እና በተጠሪ ኢልይስ ዲተርጀንት ኢንዱስትሪ ኩባንያ መካከል በሰ/መ/ቁ/ 193292 የንግድ ምልክትን አስመልቶ የቀረበለትን አቤቱታ መርምሮ ሐምሌ 29 ቀን 2013 ዓ/ም በዋለው ችሎት የህግ ትርጉም ሰጥቷል፡፡

ፌ/ጠ/ፍ/ቤት ኮሚዩኒኬሽን ጉዳዮች ዳይሬክቶሬት
፡

Legal Officer Job at Pave logistics and trading Plc -
Pave Logistics And Trading Plc
Job Category: Legal

Job Type: Full-Time

Deadline of this Job: 10 September 2021

Duty Station: Addis Ababa

Posted: 07-09-2021

Requirements

Job Status

No of Jobs: 1

Start Publishing: 07-09-2021

Stop Publishing (Put date of 2030): 07-09-2065



Pave Logistics And Trading Plc

  

Job Description

Vacancy title:
Legal Officer

[ Type: FULL TIME , Industry: Trade , Category: Legal ]

Jobs at:

Pave logistics and trading Plc

Deadline of this Job:
10 September 2021  

Duty Station:
Within Ethiopia , Addis Ababa , Horn of Africa

Summary
Date Posted: Tuesday, September 07, 2021 , Base Salary: Not Disclosed


JOB DETAILS:
Job Type: Full Time
Location: Churchill Road in front of Tikur Anbesa high school, Tracon Tower, 2nd floor, Office. No. 303. @ Human Capital Department Addis Ababa
Category: Legal
Job Overview
Salary Offer: As per Company Scale
Experience Level: Senior
Total Years Experience: 2-3
Job Requirement
BA Degree in Law (LLB)
2-3 years of relevant experience
no.2
Duty Station: Addis Ababa.


Work Hours: 8

Experience in Months: 24

Level of Education: Bachelor Degree

 

Job application procedure
Interested and qualified applicants shall submit their CV, application letter, non-returnable copies of relevant document in person to our office Churchill Road in front of Tikur Anbesa high school, Tracon Tower, 2nd floor, Office. No. 303. @ Human Capital Department, or you can attach your CV, Document and Application letter to HumanCapital@pave-logistics.com 
For further information, please call +251-966-21-49-68
N.B:- Applicants who don’t accurately fulfill for the above mentioned requirement will not be selected to the next process

Legal Expert

at Dashen Brewery Share Company
 Location Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Date Posted September 9, 2021
Category Legal
Job Type Full-time

Description

Dashen Breweries is a major player in the rapidly developing Ethiopian Brewery market. Our Vision is to be Ethiopia’s Number One Brewing Company and our Purpose is to “Delight Consumers, Enrich Communities and Enhance Ethiopian’s Progress”.

Our flagship Brands, Dashen and Bale’ageru are renowned for their great taste and quality. In addition to our Brewery in Gondar, we have a new leading edge Brewery at Debre Birhan, the first of its kind in Africa. Given the continued growth and future expansion of Dashen Breweries, the following opportunity exist.

Job Summary: -

handles a range of legal issues related to all Ethiopia laws including commercial, civil, public, international, administrative, tax laws and other instruments governing the company’s activities and operations in consultation with his/her immediate supervisor.

Key Responsibilities

In consultation with his/her supervisor

Provide legal opinions/advice on a wide range of legal issues, involving, inter alia, issues relating to the company’s policies and rules, labor law, commercial law and tax laws in consultation with his/her supervisor.

Prepare or review legal documents inter alia, contracts, agreements, Memorandum of Understanding, Non-Disclosure agreements and similar documents

Undertake extensive review/research of laws, legal documents, instruments, or other material that are applicable on Dashen and prepare studies, briefs, reports and correspondence

Represent Dashen before court of law, arbitration, and any tribunals or administrative proceedings,

Prepare and/or assist in the preparation of company policies and regulations.

Ensure commercial registration, business license, COC and other legal requirements of the company valid in renewed on time

Update the newly issued laws, regulations and rules that apply on Dashen; and prepare legal review

Prepares periodic performance report and submit to his/her immediate supervisor.

Perform any other related duties assigned by his/her immediate supervisor.

Job Requirements

Required Qualification & Experience

LLB degree or LLM

At least 42years of experience in the field of law

Key competency & Behavioral Skill

Professionalism

Ability to balance priorities and provide timely services that meet requirements.

Legal analyses skill

Research

Drafting skill

 

Applying Instructions

Interested applicants who met the MINIMUM requirements should send their application and CV to the following address until September 12, 2021 Only shortlisted applicants shall be contacted.

Dashen Brewery Share Company,

Gondar and Debrebrehan Plants

& Addsis Ababa Dashen Brewery Head Office building

E-mail to: jobs@dashenbeer.et

Please mention the Title of the position you applied for on the subject line of your email. 

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መልካም አዲስ አመት
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መልካም አዲስ አመት ይሁንልን ከዳሪ
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🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼🌼
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ለመላው ኢትዮያዊያን እና የቻናላችን ቤተሰቦች በሙሉ አንኳን ለ2014 ዓም በሰላም አደረሳችሁ ። ባለፈው ዓመት በማወቅም ይሁን ባለማወቅ የተፈጠሩትን አገራዊ ችግሮች በሙሉ ተወግደው የመሣሪያና የወሬ ጦርኘቶች ተወግደው ሁላችንም በአዲሱ ዓመት እውነተኛ ልቦና ተሰጥቶን በጥሩ አስተሳሰብ በስራ የምንታደስበት ዓመት እንዲሆንልን እንዲሁም 2014 ዓ ም የሰላም የፍቅር የደስታ የመተሳሰብና የእውነተኞች ዘመን እንዲሆንልን @lawsocieties ከልብ ይመኛል።

Lawyer Job at Garad Pvt. Ltd
Job Category: Legal

Job Type: Full-Time

Deadline of this Job: 23 September 2021

Duty Station: Addis Ababa

Posted: 14-09-2021

Requirements

Job Status

No of Jobs: 1

Start Publishing: 14-09-2021

Stop Publishing (Put date of 2030): 14-09-2065


Garad Pvt.Ltd


Job Description

Vacancy title:
Lawyer

[ Type: FULL TIME , Industry: Professional Services , Category: Legal ]

Jobs at:

Garad Pvt. Ltd

Deadline of this Job:
23 September 2021  

Duty Station:
Within Ethiopia , Addis Ababa , Horn of Africa

Summary
Date Posted: Tuesday, September 14, 2021 , Base Salary: Not Disclosed


JOB DETAILS:
Job Requirement
• Qualification required: Law degree (LLB)
• Experience required: 4 years or above

Work Hours: 8

Experience in Months: 48

Level of Education: Bachelor Degree

 

Job application procedure
Interested applicants who meet the above requirement should send their “CV”, copies of educational qualifications, credentials and other supporting documents within ten days from the first date of this announcement, using the address given below:
• GARAD Pvt. Ltd. Company P.O. Box 40040 ADDIS ABABA
• N.B Please note that only short listed applicants will be contacted.

Legal Protection Officer


Title: Legal Protection Officer

Location:  Jigjiga, Ethiopia

Employment Category:  H2

Reporting To: Resilience and Durable Solution Manager

Start of Contract & Duration:  One Year

Posting date: September 14, 2021

 

INTRODUCTION

The Danish Refugee Council (DRC), an international non-governmental organization (NGO), has been providing relief and development services in the Horn of Africa since 1997. DRC promotes and supports solutions to the problems faced by refugees, internally displaced people (IDPs), and migrants. The organization has offices across the region, and has been operational in Ethiopia since 2009.  With funding from bilateral and multilateral donors, DRC is currently implementing a range of activities across Ethiopia and Djibouti, including WASH and shelter provision, child and youth protection, Gender based violence response, awareness-raising of migration risks, protection monitoring of migration routes, and livelihoods support for returning migrants or those at-risk of migration. 

OVERALL PURPOSE OF THE ROLE: 

The Danish Refugee Council (DRC), in partnership with Mercy Corps, is planning to implement a 44-month action entitled Strengthened Socio-Economic Development and Better Employment Opportunities for Refugees and Host Communities in the Jigjiga Area. In line with the Government of Ethiopia’s commitments to the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF), the action will aim to improve employment and livelihood opportunities for up to 54,000 members of the refugee and host community in the Fafan zone of the Somali region. As part of the action, DRC will seek to support decent jobs and the rights of refugees engaged in formal employment. Furthermore, DRC will collaborate with Jigjiga University to extend the provision of legal aid services to both refugees and host community members. DRC, therefore, is seeking a highly qualified, enthusiastic and action-oriented individual for the position of Legal Protection Officer to support with the implementation of the action’s legal components. Applicants are expected to have a demonstrated legal background combined with experience in project implementation. DRC highly encourages female applicants.

 

RESPONSIBILITIES

Technical Responsibilities

Support the Legal Protection Specialist in collaboration and coordination with Jigjiga University’s legal aid clinic to provide services to refugee and host communities. This entails regular field work in refugee and host communities.

Provide beneficiaries who require more detailed information on legal matters and related issues with counselling services and technical assistance as well as facilitate referrals and possible legal advice;

Ensure case management tool implemented and project documents and databases are properly kept and updated;

Assist Jigjiga University to extend basic legal advice to small and medium businesses.

Train local authorities and selected refugee and host community groups to provide information on and make referrals to legal aid services.

Contribute to enhancing customary dispute resolution techniques for and between refugee and host communities, including conflict management, mediation, negotiation and reconciliation.

Ensure all components of the action adhere to protection standards and principles as well DRC guidelines and accountability standards.

Implementation

Lead the daily implementation of legal components of the action. This entails ensuring weekly and monthly work, financial and procurement plans are in place and closely followed.

Work closely with the action’s MEAL team to monitor project achievements. When activities are identified as behind schedule or are facing technical or logistical challenges, work with the Legal Protection specialist to identify and implement corrective actions.

 Contribute to regular reviews of achievements and spending for the action and contribute to all project reporting related to legal activities.  

Job Requirements:

Experience and Technical Competencies: (include years of experience)

 2 to 3 years of work experience within the field of law.

Experience working with an international NGO or UN agency preferred, but not required.

Technical understanding of protection concepts, prevention and response strategies.

Proven record of designing and facilitating trainings and workshops on legal topics.

Hands-on experience working with communities and governmental authorities.

Proven record of designing and facilitating trainings and workshops on protection-related topics.

Strong planning, organizational and problem-solving skills with the ability to work both independently and within a team.

Integrity, strong work ethic, and ability to consistently meet deadlines under pressure.

Strong interpersonal skills and commitment to learning and implementing organizational policies and procedures.

Full proficiency in Microsoft Office, including Word and Excel.

 

Education (include certificates, licenses etc.):

Bachelor’s degree in law.

Languages: (indicate fluency level)

Excellent verbal and written proficiency in English.

Somali language skills will be an added advantage

All DRC roles require the post-holder to master DRC’s core competencies:

Striving for excellence: Focusing on reaching results while ensuring efficient processes.

Collaborating: Involving relevant parties and encouraging feedback.

Taking the lead: Taking ownership and initiative while aiming for innovation.

Communicating: Listening and speaking effectively and honestly.

Demonstrating integrity: Acting in line with DRC's vision and values

How To Apply:

TO APPLY

Interested candidates who meet the required qualifications and experience are invited to submit updated CV and cover letter explaining their motivation and why they are suited for the post.

We only accept applications sent via our online-application form on www.drc.ngo under Vacancies. 

Please forward the application and CV, in English through the stated website no later than September 21, 2021.

For general information about the Danish Refugee Council, please consult www.drc.ngo

Gender Equality: DRC is committed to achieving gender parity in staffing at all levels. In light of this, women candidates are particularly encouraged to apply to bridge the gender gap.

Equal Opportunities: DRC is an equal opportunity employer. We value diversity and we are committed to creating an inclusive environment based on mutual respect for all employees. We do not discriminate on the basis of age, sex, disability status, religion, ethnic origin, colour, race, marital status or other protected characteristics

We encourage only qualified Ethiopian Nationals to apply. DRC considers all applicants based on merit.

Posted: 09.14.2021

Deadline: 09.21.2021
 
Job Category:

Development and Project Management

Employment: Contract
Salary: H2

Location: Jigjiga, Somali
Danish Refugee Council
http://drc.dk/relief-work/where-we-work/horn-of-africa-and-yemen/ethiopia/

Legal Protection Officer | Danish Refugee Council Vacancy 2021

 Danish Refugee Council (DRC)

 Jijiga, Ethiopia

 Sep 15, 2021

JOB DESCRIPTION

Title: Legal Protection Officer

Location:  Jigjiga, Ethiopia

Employment Category:  H2

Reporting To: Resilience and Durable Solution Manager

Start of Contract & Duration:  One Year
Posting date: September 14, 2021

TO APPLY

Interested candidates who meet the required qualifications and experience are invited to submit updated CV and cover letter explaining their motivation and why they are suited for the post. 

We only accept applications sent via our online-application form on www.drc.ngo under Vacancies.  

Please forward the application and CV, in English through the stated website no later than September 21, 2021. 

For general information about the Danish Refugee Council, please consult www.drc.ngo
Gender Equality: DRC is committed to achieving gender parity in staffing at all levels. In light of this, women candidates are particularly encouraged to apply to bridge the gender gap.
Equal Opportunities: DRC is an equal opportunity employer. We value diversity and we are committed to creating an inclusive environment based on mutual respect for all employees. We do not discriminate on the basis of age, sex, disability status, religion, ethnic origin, colour, race, marital status or other protected characteristics
We encourage only qualified Ethiopian Nationals to apply. DRC considers all applicants based on merit.
 

DRC as an employer
By working in DRC, you will be joining a global workforce of around 8000 employees in 40 countries. We pride ourselves on our:

Professionalism, impact & expertise

Humanitarian approach & the work we do

Purpose, meaningfulness & own contribution

Culture, values & strong leadership

Fair compensation & continuous development

Education (include certificates, licenses etc.):

Bachelor’s degree in law. 

Languages: (indicate fluency level)

Excellent verbal and written proficiency in English. 

Somali language skills will be an added advantage

All DRC roles require the post-holder to master DRC’s core competencies: 

Striving for excellence: Focusing on reaching results while ensuring efficient processes. 

Collaborating: Involving relevant parties and encouraging feedback. 

Taking the lead: Taking ownership and initiative while aiming for innovation. 

Communicating: Listening and speaking effectively and honestly. 

Demonstrating integrity: Acting in line with DRC's vision and values

DRC’s capacity to ensure the protection of and assistance to refugees, IDP’s and other persons of concern depends on the ability of our staff to uphold and promote the highest standards of ethical and professional conduct in relation DRC’s values and Code of Conduct, including safeguarding against sexual exploitation, abuse and harassment. DRC conducts thorough and comprehensive background checks as part of the recruitment process.

If you have questions or are facing problems with the online application process, please visit drc.ngo/about-us/job-and-career/support-for-job-seekers.


Danish Refugee Council is an equal opportunity employer. We are committed to creating an inclusive and positive work environment based on mutual respect for all employees. All applicants are considered for employment without attention to race, age, ability, ethnicity, nationality, religion, gender identity, sexual orientation, marital status, or any other factor. At DRC we celebrate diversity and appreciate our employees for the people they are and their unique skills, backgrounds, and perspectives. We encourage all interested candidates to apply!

Do you want to know who you are? Don't ask. Act! Action will delineate and define you.
― Thomas Jefferson #quote

Nile Insurance Vacancy 2021 | Junior Attorney - Fresh Graduates
Nile Insurance Company S.C. -Ethiopia Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Sep 04, 2021
Full Time Fresh Graduate Jobs in Ethiopia Insurance Jobs in Ethiopia Legal Jobs in Ethiopia
JOB DESCRIPTION
Job Requirements

LLB in Law required

Experience

Zero years experience

Duty Station : Addis Ababa

How to Apply
Registration shall be at Head Office from Monday, September 6th /2021 to Saturday, September 11th /2021.
Types of Employment permanent after successful probation period.
Salary and benefit as per the salary scale and attractive benefit scheme of the company.
For Additional information

Nile Insurance Company S.C.

Head Office, Gotera (around nation and nationalities square)

Human Resource Management Division (3rd Floor)

Tel. No 0114-42-60-00

Addis Ababa

Garad Pvt.Ltd3
Job Category: LegalJob Type: Full-TimeDeadline of this Job: 23 September 2021Duty Station: Addis AbabaPosted: 14-09-2021
Requirements
Job StatusNo of Jobs: 1Start Publishing: 14-09-2021Stop Publishing (Put date of 2030): 14-09-2065
Garad Pvt.Ltd

Job Description
Vacancy title:
Lawyer

[ Type: FULL TIME , Industry: Professional Services , Category: Legal ]
Jobs at:

Garad Pvt. Ltd

Deadline of this Job:
23 September 2021  

Duty Station:
Within Ethiopia , Addis Ababa , Horn of Africa

Summary
Date Posted: Tuesday, September 14, 2021 , Base Salary: Not Disclosed


JOB DETAILS:
Job Requirement
• Qualification required: Law degree (LLB)
• Experience required: 4 years or above

Work Hours: 8

Experience in Months: 48

Level of Education: Bachelor Degree

Legal Counsel

Cola Holding

Addis Ababa

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Full–time

We’re looking for a Legal Counsel to join our team in Ethiopia. Cola Group consists of many diversified and rapidly growing companies headquartered in a historical building at 5 Parliament Square, Castletown, Isle of Man. It has a competence center in Dubai, a software development team in Kyiv and operational centers across Africa: Nairobi, Addis Ababa, and Lusaka. We already have a team of over 80 employees and we are expecting to grow to 250 by the end of 2021 and plan to triple this number by the end of 2022. As a Legal Counsel you’ll be responsible for providing general business legal advice (including compliance related matters) to the local management, as well as on a group level. We’re on the lookout for forward-thinking innovators with a passion for sustainability. If you match this description, get in touch! What You’ll Do · Provide advice on the legal and regulatory risk involved in offering betting services and platform software solutions to the gaming industry · Prepare, review and negotiate contracts · Manage claims handling and litigation where relevant · Identifying legal issues, providing analysis of legal risks and assisting in the creation and implementation of solutions · Manage company law matters · Advise on tax application · Participate in the working groups to develop the betting regulation in Ethiopia Your Qualifications · LLB Degree · Admission as an Attorney at Law (preferably) · Minimum 4 years experience in private sector (betting sector is preferred). · Fluent in English · Excellent communication and people's skills · Appetite for responsibility and challenges; with a drive to own and deliver solid results If you meet the above requirements for this Legal Counsel job in Ethiopia, we would like to hear from you! Please send your CV through today! If you do not receive any feedback within 7 days of your application, please be advised that you were not successful in making the shortlist
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በሀገር እና በመንግስት ደህንነት ላይ የሚፈጸሙ ወንጀሎች
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ሀገር እና መንግስት
በዓለም ዓቀፍ ህግ መሠረት ሀገር ማለት አራት ሁኔታዎችን ያካተተ ሲሆን ሀዝብ፤ መንግስት፤ ግዛት ያለዉ እንዲሁም ልዓላዊነቱ የተከበረ በሌሎች ሀገራት ሙሉ እዉቅና ያገኘ ማለት ነዉ ፡፡ መንግስት ሀገር ለሚለዉ ትርጉም አንዱ አካል ሲሆን ህዝቦች በዲሞከሪያሲያዊ ምርጫ የወከሉት ህዘብን የሚመራና የሚያስተዳድር ተቋም ነዉ፡፡ በ1987 ዓ.ም በወጣዉ የኢትዮጵያ ህገ መንግስት አንቀጽ 1 የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት ስያሜ የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ፤ ዲሞክሪያሲያዊ፤ ሪፐብሊክ መንግስት ተብሎ ይጠራል፡፡ አንቀጽ 2 የኢትዮጵያ የግዛት ወሰን የፌዴራል አባሎች ወሰንን የሚያጠቃልል ሆኖ በዓለም አቀፍ ስምምነቶች መሰረት የተወሰነ ነዉ፡፡ በዚህ ህገ መንግስት አንቀጽ 47 (1) መሠረት የፌዴራል አባሎች ወሰን የተባሉት የክልሎችን የአስተዳደር ወሰን ማለት ሲሆን በቀጣይ በህገ መንግሰቱ የሚካተተዉን የሲዳማን ክልል ጨምሮ አስር ናቸዉ፡፡ ክልሎች እኩል መብትና ሥልጣን አላቸዉ፡፡ የመንግስትና ክልልሎች የስልጣን አወቃቀር በሶስት አካላት የተከፈለ ነዉ፡፡ እነርሱም ህግ አዉጪ፤ የህግ አስፈጻሚ እና የዳኝነት አካል ናቸዉ፡፡
ህግ አዉጪ ሲባል የህዝብ ተወካዮች ምክር ቤት፤ የህግ አስፈጻሚ ማለት የሚኒስተሮች ም/ቤትና ሌሎች ተቋማት እና የዳኝነት አካል ፍርድ ቤት ሲሆኑ የፌዴሬሽን ምክር ቤት ከየክልሎቹ የተዉጣጣ ተወካይ ሆኖ ህግ የመተርጎም ሥልጣን ያለዉ ማለት ነዉ፡፡ በህገ መንግስቱ አንቀጽ 50 እና 53 መሠረት የፌዴራሉ መንግስት የህዝብ ተወካዮች እና የፌዴሬሽን ምክር ቤት አሉት፡፡ ከፍተኛዉ ሥልጣን ለህግ አዉጪ አካል የተሰጠ ነዉ፡፡ ተጠሪነቱም ለህዝብ ነዉ፡፡ የምክር ቤቱ አባላት ለህዝቡ ፡ ለህገ መንግስቱ እና ለህሊናቸዉ ተገዢ ይሆናሉ፡፡ ህዝብ አመኔታ በአጣበት ጊዜ አባላቱን በህግ መሠረት የማስወገድ መብት አለዉ፡፡ የሀገሪቱ ፕሬዚዳንት በህዝብ ተወካዮች እና የፌዴሬሽን ምክር ቤት ሁለት ሶስተኛ ድምጽ ሲጸድቅ ፕሬዚዳንት ይሆናል፡፡ ፕሬዚዳንቱ የሀገሪቱ ርእሰ ብሄር ነዉ ፤ የስራ ዘመኑ 6 ዓመት ሲሆን ከሁለት የስራ ዘመን በላይ አይመረጥም፡፡ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትሩ አብላጫ ድምጽ ካለዉ ፖሊቲካ ድርጅት በህዝብ የተመረጡ፤ የሀገሪቱ ርእሰ መስተዳድር ወይም መሪ፤ የሚኒስትሮች ምክር ቤት ሰብሳቢ እንዲሁም የጦር ኃይሎች ጠቅላይ አዛዝ ናቸዉ፡፡ የስራ ዘመኑ የህዝብ ተወካዮች ምክር ቤት የስራ ዘመን ነዉ፡፡ በጠቅላለዉ የኢትጵያ መንግስት ፓርላመንተሪያዊ ስርዓት የሚከተል ሆኖ የፌዴራላዊ አወቃቀር ያለዉ ስርዓተ መንግስት ነዉ፡፡

የሀገር ሉዓላዊነት
ሉዓላዊነት ሀገር የሚለዉን ጽንሰ ሃሳብ ለማዋቀር የምንጠቀምበት የሀገር የነጻነት መገለጫ አንዱ ፍሬ ጉዳይ ነዉ፡፡ ህዝብ፤መንግስትና የግዛት ወሰን ተከበሮ የሚቆየዉ ሉዓላዊነቷ በተከበረና በታፈረች ሀገረ ነዉ፡፡ ሉዓላዊት ሀገር የረሷ የሆነ ህዝብ፤ አስተዳደር ፤ መልካዓምድር፤ ታሪክ፤ በሕል፤ ህግና ሥርዓት እንዱሁም ሌሎች በርካታ መገለጫዎች አላት፡፡ የኢትዮጵያ ሉዓላዊነት ከብዙ ሺ ዘመናት ጀምሮ ተከብሮ የቆየ ነዉ፡፡ ማንኛዉም ኢትዮጵያዉ የሀገር ሉዓላዊነትን የማክበር፤ የማስከበርና የማስጠበቅ የህግ ኃላፊነት አለበት፡፡ በኢፍድሪ ህገ መንግሰት አንቀጽ (1) የኢትዮጵያ ህዝቦች የሉዓላዊ ሥልጣን ባለቤቶች ናቸዉ፡፡ (2) ይህ ህገ መንግስት የሉዓላዊ ሥልጣን መገለጫቸዉ ነዉ፡፡ (3) ሉዓላዊነታቸዉ የሚገለጸዉ በመረጧቸዉ ተወካዮቻቸዉ እና በቀጥታ በሚያደርጉት ዲሞክራሲያዊ ተሳትፎ ነዉ፡፡ በዚህ ህገ መንግስት እና ዜጎች በመረጧቸዉ ተወካዮቻቸዉ በኩል የሚወጡ ህጎችን የሚጻረር ማንኛዉም ዜጋ፤ የመንግስት አካላት፤ የፖሊቲካ ድርጅት፤ ማህበራት፤ የዉስጥ ወይም የዉጪ ወራሪ የኢትዮጵያን ህዝቦች የሉዓላዊ ሥልጣን መዳፈር ነዉ፡፡ በህገ መንግስቱ አንቀጽ 86 (1-6) መሠረት የኢትዮጵያ የዉጭ ግንኙነት የተመሠረተዉ የህዝቦቿን ጥቅምና የሀገሪቱን ሊዓላዊነት በሚያስከብር መልኩ መሆን እንዳለበት፤ በሌሎች ሀገራት ጉዳይ ጣልቃ አለመግባት፤ የጋራ ጥቅምና የእኩልነት መርህ ላይ የተመሰረተ መሆን እንዳለበት ፤ በዓለም ዐቀፍ ደረጃ የኢትዮጵያን ጥቅም የሚያስከብር መሆኑን በሚያረጋግጥ ሁኔታ፤ ከጎረቤት ሀገራት እና ከሌሎች አፍሪካ ሀገሮች ጋር በየጊዜዉ እያደገ የሚሄድ የኢኮኖሚ ህብረት እና የህዝቦች ወንድማማችነት የሚያጎለብት፤ በሀገሮች መካከል የሚነሱ ግጭቶችን ሰላማዊ በሆነ መንገድ እንዲፈቱ ጥረት ማድረግ ዋናዉ የብሔራዊ ፖሊሲ መርሆችና ተግባራት መሆናቸዉን በግልጽ አስቀምጧል፡፡

በሀገር እና በመንግስት ደህንነት ላይ የሚፈጸሙ ወንጀሎች ምንድን ናቸዉ ?
በ1996 ዓ.ም በወጣዉ የወንጀል ህግ አንቀጽ 238 እስከ 246 ያሉት ድንጋጌዎች በሀገር እና በመንግስት ደህንነት ላይ የሚፈጸሙ ወንጀሎች መሆናቸዉን በግልጽ ደንግጓል፡፡ በዚህ ህግ አንቀጽ 238 (1) እና (2) መሠረት ማንም ሰዉ በኃይል፤ በዛቻ፤ በአድማ ወይም በማናቸዉም ህገ ወጥ መንገድ የፌዴራሉን ወይም የክልል መንግስትን ያፈረሰ፤የለወጠ ወይም ያገደ ከሆነ፤የተቋቋመዉን ሥርዓት ያፈረሰ ወይም የለወጠ ከ3 ዓመት እስከ 25 ዓመት በሚደርስ ጽኑ እስራት ይቀጣል፡፡ ወንጀሉ ሲፈጸም በህዝብ ኑሮ እና ደህንነት ላይ ከፍተኛ ቀዉስ ፈጥሮ ከሆነ በእድሜ ልክ ጽኑ እስራት ወይም የሞት ቅጣት ያስከትላል፡፡ አንቀጽ 240 (1) ማንም ሰዉ በህገ መንግስት በተቋቋሙት አካላት ወይም በለሥልጣናት ላይ ህዝብ፤ ወታደሮች፤ሽፍቶች የትጥቅ አመጽ እንዲያነሱ ያደረጃ ወይም የመራ ከሆነ ወይም ዜጎችና ነዋሪዎችን የጦር መሳያዎችን በማስታጠቅ አንዱ በሌላዉ ወገን እንዲነሳሳ ያደረገ ከ10 ዓመት እስከ 25 ዓመት በሚደርስ ጽኑ እስራት ይቀጣል፡፡

ንኡስ ቁጥር (2) ወንጀሉ ሲፈጸም በህዝብ ኑሮ እና ደህንነት ላይ ከፍተኛ ቀዉስ ፈጥሮ ከሆነ በእድሜ ልክ ጽኑ እስራት ወይም የሞት ቅጣት ያስከትላል፡፡ ንኡስ ቁጥር (3) በጦር መሣሪያ በሚደረግ የአመጽ እንቅስቃሴ ወይም የማነሳሳት ተግባር ዉስጥ በራሱ ፍቃድ የተሳተፈ ሰዉ ከ7 ዓመት እስከ 20 ዓመት በሚደርስ ጽኑ እስራት ይቀጣል፡፡ የወንጀሉ ፈጻሚ በማስረጃ የተረጋገጠበት ከሆነ ከዚህ ወንጀል በተጨማሪ በግድያ፤ በአካል ጉዳት፤ ንብረት ላይ በደረስ ዉድመት ወይም በሌሎች ወንጀሎች በተደራቢነት ተጠያቂ ይሆናሉ፡፡ የሀገሪቱን የፖሊቲካ ግዛት አንድነት በመንካት በሃይል ወይም በእጅ አዙር የሀገሪቱ አንድነት እንዲፈርስ ወይም የፌዴሬሽን እንዲከፋፈል ወይም ህዝብ እንዲገነጠል የሚያደርግ የወንጀል ተግባር የፈጸመ ከ10 ዓመት እስከ 25 ዓመት በሚደርስ ጽኑ እስራት የሚቀጣ ሲሆን ነገሩ ከባድ ሲሆን የእድሜ ልክ ጽኑ እስራት ወይም የሞት ቅጣትን ያስከትላል፡፡

በተጨማሪ የሀገሪቱን የ የልዑአላዊነቱ ግዛት በመዳፈር የኣለም ዐቀፍ መርሆች፤ ህጎችን እና ስምምነቶች በመጣስ ለህዝብ ደህንነት አስጊ የሆነ ተግባር ለመፈጸም ወደ ሀገሪቱ ግዛት የገባ ማንኛዉም ሰዉ ወይም ሀገር እስከ አስር አመት ጽኑ አስራት ይቀጣል፡፡ በሌላ በኩል የሀገሪቱን መንግስት መድፈር ወንጀል መሆኑም ተደንግጓል ፡፡ በወንጀል ህጉ አንቀጽ 244(1) መሠረት ማንኛዉም ሰዉ በንግግር ፤ በተግባር ወይም በማናቸዉም ህገወጥ ተግባር የሀገሪቱን መንግስት በአደባባይ ያወረደ፤ የሰደበ፤ ስምኑን ያጠፋ ወይም በሀሰት የወነጀል ከሆነ ከሶስት ወር በላይ በሆነ

እስራት እና በገንዘብ ይቀጣል፡፡ በአንቀጽ 246 (1 እና 2) ስር ሀገሪቱ ሉዓላዊ ነጻነቷን እንድታጣ፡ ሀገሪቱን አደጋ ላይ ለመጣል የዉጭ መንገስት ጣልቃ እንዲገባ ለመገፋፋት ወይም የዉጭ መንግስታት በሀገሪቱ ላይ በጠላትነት እንዲወጋት፤ እንዲወራት፤ እንድትያዝ እና እንድትከበብ ያደረገ ማንም ሰዉ ከ5 ዓመት እስከ 25 ዓመት በሚደርስ ጽኑ እስራት ይቀጣል፡፡ ነገሩ ከባድ በሆነ ጊዜ በእድሜ ልክ ጽኑ እስራት ወይም በሞት ፍርድ ይቀጣል፡፡

የጥላቻ ንግግርና የሐሰተኛ መረጃ ስርጭትን ለመከላከልና ለመቆጣጠር የወጣ አዋጅ ቁጥር 1185/2012 አንቀጽ 2/2 የጥላቻ ንግግር” ማለት በአንድ ሰው ወይም በተወሰነ ቡድን ማንነት ላይ ያነጣጠረ፣ ብሔርን፡ ብሔረሰብንና ህዝብን፣ ሃይማኖትን፤ ዘርን፣ ጾታን ወይም አካል ጉዳተኝነትን መሰረት በማድረግ ሆን ተብሎ ጥላቻን፣ መድሎን ወይም ጥቃትን የሚያነሳሳ ንግግር ነው፡፡ በአንቀጽ (1) እና (2 ) የጥላቻ ንግግር ያደረገ ሰዉ እስከ ሁለት ዓመት ወይም ከ100 ሺ ብር በማይበልጥ እስራት ይቀጣል፡፡ ንግግሩ ጉዳት አድርሶ ከሆነ ከ5 ዓመት በማይበልጥ ቀላል እስራት ይቀጣል ፡ ፡ በአዋጁ አንቀጽ 11 ሰው ሲባል በተፈጥሮ ወይም በህግ ሰዉነት የተሰጠዉ አካል ሲሆን በዚህ አነጋገር መንግስት በህግ ሰዉነት የተሰጠዉ አካል ማለት ነዉ፡፡ መንግስት ላይ የሚፈጸሙ ማናቸዉም የጥላቻ ንግግሮች በዚህ አዋጅ ተፈጻሚ ይሆናሉ፡፡

በዓለም ዓቀፍ የወንጀል ፍርድ ቤት የሚታዩ ወንጀሎች
ማንኛዉም ሀገር ሉዓላዊነቱ የተከበረ ነዉ፡፡ ሀገራት በዓለም አቀፍ የትብብር መስኮች ስምምነት እስካልፈጸሙ ድረስ ማንኛዉም ሀገር የሌላዉን ሉዓላዊ ሀገር ጣልቃ ገብቶ የመዳፈር መብት የለዉም፡፡ በዓለም ዓቀፍ የወንጀል ፍርድ ቤት ህግ በአንቀጽ 5 መሰረት ይህ ፍርድ ቤት የዘር ማጥፋት፡ በሰብዓዊነት ላይ የሚፈጸም ወንጀል፡ የጦር ወንጀል እንዱሁም የጠበኝነት ወንጀሎች ማየት ሥልጣን አለዉ፡፡ ሱዳን የኢትዮጵያን የልዑአላዊ ግዛት በመዳፈር ከአራቱ ዓለም ዓቀፍ ወንጀሎች አንዱ የሆነዉን የጠበኝነት ወንጀል {the crime of aggression} በመፈጸም መሬት የወረረች መሆኑን ከሀገር ዉስጥም ሆነ ከዉጭ ሀገር የመረጃ ምንጮች ለመረዳት ተችሏል፡፡ የሱዳንን የጠባጫሪነት ተግባር ሽፋን በመጠቀም ሀገሪቱን ግዛት ለመድፈር ሙከራ ያለ ስለመሆኑም አመላካች መረጃዎች እንዳሉ መረዳት ይቻላል፡፡ እንዲህ አይነቱ የወንጀል ተግባር በኢትዮጵያ ወንጀል ህግ ከባድ ቅጣት የሚስከትል መሆኑን ከላይ በዝርዝር ተቀምጧል፡፡ በዓለም ዓቀፍ የወንጀል ፍርድ ቤት ህግ አንቀጽ 77 መሠረት የጠበኝነት ወንጀል {the crime of aggression} የፈጸመ ማንኛዉም አካል እንደነገሩ ሁኔታ ከ30 ዓመት ያልበለጠ እስራት ይቀጣል፡፡ ከእስራቱ በተጨማሪም በገንዘብ የሚቀጣ ሲሆን በወንጀሉ የተገኘዉም ሀብትና የወንጀሉ ፍሬ የሚወረስ መሆኑን ይደነግጋል ፡፡ በአጠቃላይ በሀገር እና በመንግስት ደህንነት ላይ የሚፈጸሙ ወንጀሎች ሀገር ሊያፈርሱ የሚችሉና የዜጎችን የመኖር ህልዉና አደጋ ላይ ሊጥሉ የሚችሉ ከባድ ወንጀሎች በመሆናቸዉ ሁሉም ዜጋ ወንጀል ከመስራት እራሱን ሊቀጥብ ይገባል፡፡ ሀገሩን ከአጥፊዎች የመጠበቅና የመከላከል ከፍተኛ የህግ ሃላፊነት አለበት፡፡ ወንጀል ሳይፈጸምም ሆነ ከተፈጸመ በኋላ አጥፊዎችን ለህግ በማቅረብ ለፍትህ እርዳታ በመስጠት የህግና የዜግነት ግዴታዉን በመወጣት የሀገር ሉዓላዊነትን ማስጠበቅ ከሁሉም ዜጋ ይጠበቃል፡፡