Yale World Fellowship in USA 2020 (Fully Funded)
Deadline: 04 Dec 2019
Link: https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM
Fully Funded Program https://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocieties https://t.me/lawsocieties
Deadline: 04 Dec 2019
Link: https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM
Fully Funded Program https://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocieties https://t.me/lawsocieties
Full Opportunities
Yale World Fellowship in USA 2020 (Fully Funded)
Applications are open to apply for Yale World Fellowship in USA 2020 (Fully Funded) Full Opportunities is Fully Funded Scholarships based Network.
Share to your friends, Applications are now open for Yale World Fellowship in USA which is fully funded. The scholarship is named as the Maurice R. Green-berg world fellows program for a period of 4 months. It gives competitive students from different academic disciplines an opportunity to explore their vision, exchange ideas between intellectual peers, participate in discussions go through survey classes, guide students and expand their selves personally and professionally in their respective fields. https://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocieties https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM https://wp.me/pagilY-1aM
Full Opportunities
Yale World Fellowship in USA 2020 (Fully Funded)
Applications are open to apply for Yale World Fellowship in USA 2020 (Fully Funded) Full Opportunities is Fully Funded Scholarships based Network.
Forwarded from 🇪🇹የሕግ ጉዳይ (Alemwaza)
https://worldfellows.yale.edu/program Eligibility Criteria:
Being at least five years and a maximum twenty years in their professional career with achievements at regional, national and international levels.
Although there isn’t any minimum or maximum age, the average age is 39 years.
Excellent command in English.
Citizens of any country except the USA.
Commitment to the duration of the whole program at Yale University and participating in activities including guiding students and speaking frequently at the campus.
Record of achievements.
Dedication to engage in making difference at regional, national and international level
Commitment to a future career full of leadership work
Strategic and creative thinking https://t.me/lawadvocatorhttps://t.me/lawadvocatorhttps://t.me/lawadvocatorhttps://t.me/lawadvocatorhttps://t.me/lawadvocator https://fullopportunities.com/yale-world-fellowship-in-usa/https://fullopportunities.com/yale-world-fellowship-in-usa/https://fullopportunities.com/yale-world-fellowship-in-usa/https://fullopportunities.com/yale-world-fellowship-in-usa/https://fullopportunities.com/yale-world-fellowship-in-usa/https://fullopportunities.com/yale-world-fellowship-in-usa/
Being at least five years and a maximum twenty years in their professional career with achievements at regional, national and international levels.
Although there isn’t any minimum or maximum age, the average age is 39 years.
Excellent command in English.
Citizens of any country except the USA.
Commitment to the duration of the whole program at Yale University and participating in activities including guiding students and speaking frequently at the campus.
Record of achievements.
Dedication to engage in making difference at regional, national and international level
Commitment to a future career full of leadership work
Strategic and creative thinking https://t.me/lawadvocatorhttps://t.me/lawadvocatorhttps://t.me/lawadvocatorhttps://t.me/lawadvocatorhttps://t.me/lawadvocator https://fullopportunities.com/yale-world-fellowship-in-usa/https://fullopportunities.com/yale-world-fellowship-in-usa/https://fullopportunities.com/yale-world-fellowship-in-usa/https://fullopportunities.com/yale-world-fellowship-in-usa/https://fullopportunities.com/yale-world-fellowship-in-usa/https://fullopportunities.com/yale-world-fellowship-in-usa/
Dorothy Marchus Senesh Fellowship Program 2020 https://iprafoundation.org/2020-senesh-fellowship-announcement/ https://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocieties updated on November 25, 2019 Dates And Deadlines:
The application period is open until the deadline of 15th January 2020.
The announcement of the final results will be made on 1st March 2020.
https://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocieties
Association does not respond to calls or messages. For any queries, applicants are allowed to contact the Administrative Assistant at seneshfellowship@iprafoundation.org.
The application period is open until the deadline of 15th January 2020.
The announcement of the final results will be made on 1st March 2020.
https://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocietieshttps://t.me/lawsocieties
Association does not respond to calls or messages. For any queries, applicants are allowed to contact the Administrative Assistant at seneshfellowship@iprafoundation.org.
IPRA Foundation
2020 Senesh Fellowship Announcement - IPRA Foundation
The Dorothy Marchus Senesh Fellowship provides two biennial fellowships awarded to two women from the Global South for post graduate education in the field of peace studies.
Rose:
Please 😫😫😫 send me የ ጦር መሳሪያ ፍቃድ የየሚሰጥበት ሕግ be it Amhara regional government or the federal...i am not asking the draft but the now working one
Please 😫😫😫 send me የ ጦር መሳሪያ ፍቃድ የየሚሰጥበት ሕግ be it Amhara regional government or the federal...i am not asking the draft but the now working one
Abdisa Nigussie:
Please give us the correct and proven exit exam date
Please give us the correct and proven exit exam date
Meha®i ~ ¥€hdeg°:
if you have law of trade &business organization out of the teaching material please
if you have law of trade &business organization out of the teaching material please
Zs As:
Anyone who have list of first year second semister courses of the new curriculum pls?
Anyone who have list of first year second semister courses of the new curriculum pls?
kha Lil Jr.4:
Am khalil from bulehora bhu
Can you tell us the exact date of exit exam
Am khalil from bulehora bhu
Can you tell us the exact date of exit exam
WT:
SAMARA UNIVERSITY LAW STUDENTS UNION VOICE:
"The life of the law has not been logic; it has been experience"who said this statement ???
Ansewr: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
SAMARA UNIVERSITY LAW STUDENTS UNION VOICE:
"The life of the law has not been logic; it has been experience"who said this statement ???
Ansewr: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
Forwarded from 🇪🇹የሕግ ጉዳይ (Alemwaza)
Emily Boutmy Scholarship in France 2020
Emily Boutmy Scholarship in France - Study in France
Click here for complete details: https://wp.me/pagilY-ZF
This scholarship helps students study for a Bachelor's or Masters degree in Sciences Po University France.
https://telegram.me/lawadvocatorhttps://telegram.me/lawadvocator
Applications are opened to apply for the Emily Boutmy Scholarship in France 2020. The Emily Boutmy Scholarship Opportunity provides scholarships to students who do not belong to the European Union Countries. This scholarship helps students study for a Bachelor’s or Masters degree in Sciences Po University France.
https://telegram.me/lawadvocatorhttps://telegram.me/lawadvocator
Emily Boutmy Scholarship is an amazing opportunity for International students to study Master’s or Bachelor’s degree program in France on Scholarship. France is the best place to explore and feel the beauty of Nature if you are interested to study and travel, explore and feel fresh… aww then you are at right place. Don’t miss this Scholarship program.
https://telegram.me/lawadvocator
Emily Boutmy Scholarship in France - Study in France
Click here for complete details: https://wp.me/pagilY-ZF
This scholarship helps students study for a Bachelor's or Masters degree in Sciences Po University France.
https://telegram.me/lawadvocatorhttps://telegram.me/lawadvocator
Applications are opened to apply for the Emily Boutmy Scholarship in France 2020. The Emily Boutmy Scholarship Opportunity provides scholarships to students who do not belong to the European Union Countries. This scholarship helps students study for a Bachelor’s or Masters degree in Sciences Po University France.
https://telegram.me/lawadvocatorhttps://telegram.me/lawadvocator
Emily Boutmy Scholarship is an amazing opportunity for International students to study Master’s or Bachelor’s degree program in France on Scholarship. France is the best place to explore and feel the beauty of Nature if you are interested to study and travel, explore and feel fresh… aww then you are at right place. Don’t miss this Scholarship program.
https://telegram.me/lawadvocator
Full Opportunities
Émile Boutmy Scholarship in France 2023 - BS and MS
Émile Boutmy scholarship has been launched at Sciences Po as a means of attracting the very best students to study in France on scholarships.
Forwarded from Transparency International Ethiopia (TIE)
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
Volunteering Opportunity at Save the Children in United States
This position is not open to a student or applicant who has graduation within 6 months of the start date.
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
#Requirements
Expertise in International tax law.
Strong written skills as well as solid interpersonal skills and ability to work within a team.
Proficient in Microsoft Office.
Furthermore, eligibility to work in the U.S.
Apply
https://recruiting.ultipro.com/SAV1002STCF/JobBoard/7d92e82b-af74-464d-859b-c5b8cba6e92e/OpportunityDetail?opportunityId=079463fd-c0ee-45d2-8ebf-74d267711d5e
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
Volunteering Opportunity at Save the Children in United States
This position is not open to a student or applicant who has graduation within 6 months of the start date.
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
#Requirements
Expertise in International tax law.
Strong written skills as well as solid interpersonal skills and ability to work within a team.
Proficient in Microsoft Office.
Furthermore, eligibility to work in the U.S.
Apply
https://recruiting.ultipro.com/SAV1002STCF/JobBoard/7d92e82b-af74-464d-859b-c5b8cba6e92e/OpportunityDetail?opportunityId=079463fd-c0ee-45d2-8ebf-74d267711d5e
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
Telegram
Transparency International Ethiopia (TIE)
Ethical and corruption free society that upholds integrity and accountability
Contact Us via
@Transparency_Ethiopia_Bot
and
ethiopiatransparency@gmail.com
Contact Us via
@Transparency_Ethiopia_Bot
and
ethiopiatransparency@gmail.com
Forwarded from አለሕግAleHig ️ (Alemwaza)
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
🔴🛑FULLY FUNDED
Summer Programs in USA 🇺🇸, JAPAN 🇯🇵 , GERMANY 🇩🇪 & SWITZERLAND 🇨🇭
1) Global Solution Summer School 2020 in Berlin, Germany
Link: https://bit.ly/2QSOV5M
2) CERN Summer Student Program 2020 in Geneva, Switzerland
Link: https://bit.ly/2XHmg5f
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
3) TechWomen Emerging Leaders Program 2020 in the USA
Link: https://bit.ly/2rmWAyy
4) UTokyo Amgen Scholars Program in Japan
Link: https://bit.ly/37AX44M
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
5) RIPS 2020 Summer Internship in Los Angeles, California, USA
Link: https://bit.ly/2XHBQ0E
6) ETH Summer Fellowship 2020 in Zurich, Switzerland
Link: https://bit.ly/35uqsb5
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
7) SUSI 2020 Summer Exchange Program 2020 in the USA
Link: https://bit.ly/33bDKId
8) University of Iowa Summer Exchange Program 2020 in the USA
Link: https://bit.ly/2qJZI7I
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
🔴🛑FULLY FUNDED
Summer Programs in USA 🇺🇸, JAPAN 🇯🇵 , GERMANY 🇩🇪 & SWITZERLAND 🇨🇭
1) Global Solution Summer School 2020 in Berlin, Germany
Link: https://bit.ly/2QSOV5M
2) CERN Summer Student Program 2020 in Geneva, Switzerland
Link: https://bit.ly/2XHmg5f
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
3) TechWomen Emerging Leaders Program 2020 in the USA
Link: https://bit.ly/2rmWAyy
4) UTokyo Amgen Scholars Program in Japan
Link: https://bit.ly/37AX44M
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
5) RIPS 2020 Summer Internship in Los Angeles, California, USA
Link: https://bit.ly/2XHBQ0E
6) ETH Summer Fellowship 2020 in Zurich, Switzerland
Link: https://bit.ly/35uqsb5
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
7) SUSI 2020 Summer Exchange Program 2020 in the USA
Link: https://bit.ly/33bDKId
8) University of Iowa Summer Exchange Program 2020 in the USA
Link: https://bit.ly/2qJZI7I
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
Telegram
Transparency International Ethiopia (TIE)
Ethical and corruption free society that upholds integrity and accountability
Contact Us via
@Transparency_Ethiopia_Bot
and
ethiopiatransparency@gmail.com
Contact Us via
@Transparency_Ethiopia_Bot
and
ethiopiatransparency@gmail.com
Holland Scholarships 2020 - Radboud Master Scholarship
https://telegram.me/lawsocieties
Link: https://wp.me/pagilY-13U
Holland Scholarships are aimed at helping talented and bright foreign students pursue their studies in #Netherland.
https://telegram.me/lawsocieties
https://telegram.me/lawsocieties
Link: https://wp.me/pagilY-13U
Holland Scholarships are aimed at helping talented and bright foreign students pursue their studies in #Netherland.
https://telegram.me/lawsocieties
Telegram
ሕግ ቤት
ሕግ ቤት Access legal information
ጠበቃ እና የሕግ አማካሪ ያማክሩ
@HigBet #ሕግ_ቤት
lawsocieties@gmail.com
https://www.facebook.com/Ethiopianlegalinfo/
ጠበቃ እና የሕግ አማካሪ ያማክሩ
@HigBet #ሕግ_ቤት
lawsocieties@gmail.com
https://www.facebook.com/Ethiopianlegalinfo/
#Erasmus+ 2020 Call now open!
https://telegram.me/lawsocietieshttps://telegram.me/lawsocieties
Interested students, scholars, researchers and Institutions can apply for this scholarship programme, funded by the European Union.
Check the Programme Guide on how to apply:
https://t.co/jrGv7CVGzi https://t.co/tUjdujb16l
https://telegram.me/lawsocieties
https://telegram.me/lawsocietieshttps://telegram.me/lawsocieties
Interested students, scholars, researchers and Institutions can apply for this scholarship programme, funded by the European Union.
Check the Programme Guide on how to apply:
https://t.co/jrGv7CVGzi https://t.co/tUjdujb16l
https://telegram.me/lawsocieties
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
ICRLHL 2020: 14. International Conference on Right to Life and Humanitarian Law
March 12-13, 2020 in Miami, United States
https://www.facebook.com/525012659/posts/10157533619492660/
ICRLHL 2020: 14. International Conference on Right to Life and Humanitarian Law
March 12-13, 2020 in Miami, United States
https://www.facebook.com/525012659/posts/10157533619492660/
Telegram
Transparency International Ethiopia (TIE)
Ethical and corruption free society that upholds integrity and accountability
Contact Us via
@Transparency_Ethiopia_Bot
and
ethiopiatransparency@gmail.com
Contact Us via
@Transparency_Ethiopia_Bot
and
ethiopiatransparency@gmail.com
Forwarded from Transparency International Ethiopia (TIE)
Call for Applications: Pan-Africa Youth Leadership Program (PAYLP)
The U.S. Embassy in Juba is pleased to invite applications from qualified high school students (ages 15 -18) for the 2020 Pan-Africa Youth Leadership Program (PAYLP). The three weeks intensive program supports U.S. foreign policy priorities by offering secondary school students and adult educators the opportunity to explore priority policy themes such as conflict resolution, economic development, entrepreneurship, civic education, youth leadership, women’s rights, and respect for diversity. Approximately three youth participants and one adult mentor participant will be selected for the program.
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopiahttps://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
Program Dates:
A. April 4 - 25, 2020: Spring exchange
A successful youth candidate for this program will:
A. be a high school student who is aged 15, 16, 17 or 18 years at the start of the exchange and be proficient in English
B. be able to attend at least one additional semester of high school in his/her home country following completion of the program;
C. indicate a serious interest in learning more about the United States of America;
D. demonstrate strong leadership qualities and potential in his/her school or community;
E. have a high level of academic achievement, as indicated by academic grades, awards, and teacher recommendations;
F. demonstrate a personal commitment to community service and record of engagement in extracurricular activities;
G. have had little or no prior study or travel experience in the United States or elsewhere outside of his/her home country;
Interested candidates can download the application form on our website: https://ss.usembassy.gov/education-culture/ or email JubPAS@state.gov for more information.
Please email completed applications to JubaPAS@state.gov or drop off completed applications to:
PAS Section,
U.S. Embassy, Kololo Road, Juba
or
The American Corner, University of Juba
Deadline for Applications: December 29th, 2019
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
The U.S. Embassy in Juba is pleased to invite applications from qualified high school students (ages 15 -18) for the 2020 Pan-Africa Youth Leadership Program (PAYLP). The three weeks intensive program supports U.S. foreign policy priorities by offering secondary school students and adult educators the opportunity to explore priority policy themes such as conflict resolution, economic development, entrepreneurship, civic education, youth leadership, women’s rights, and respect for diversity. Approximately three youth participants and one adult mentor participant will be selected for the program.
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopiahttps://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
Program Dates:
A. April 4 - 25, 2020: Spring exchange
A successful youth candidate for this program will:
A. be a high school student who is aged 15, 16, 17 or 18 years at the start of the exchange and be proficient in English
B. be able to attend at least one additional semester of high school in his/her home country following completion of the program;
C. indicate a serious interest in learning more about the United States of America;
D. demonstrate strong leadership qualities and potential in his/her school or community;
E. have a high level of academic achievement, as indicated by academic grades, awards, and teacher recommendations;
F. demonstrate a personal commitment to community service and record of engagement in extracurricular activities;
G. have had little or no prior study or travel experience in the United States or elsewhere outside of his/her home country;
Interested candidates can download the application form on our website: https://ss.usembassy.gov/education-culture/ or email JubPAS@state.gov for more information.
Please email completed applications to JubaPAS@state.gov or drop off completed applications to:
PAS Section,
U.S. Embassy, Kololo Road, Juba
or
The American Corner, University of Juba
Deadline for Applications: December 29th, 2019
https://telegram.me/TransparencyEthiopia
የቀብድ ክፍያ ሲባል ምን ማለት ነው? አንዱ ወገን ለሌላኛው የቀብድ ክፍያ መፈፀሙ በህግ አግባብ በሰጪና በተቀባይ ላይ ምን ውጤት ያስከትላል ? በፍትሓብሄር ሕጋችን ህጋዊ አንድምታው ምን ይመስላል?
________________
https://telegram.me/lawsocieties
ሰላም እንዴት ናችሁ ውድ የኢፌድሪ ጠቅላይ ዐቃቤ ህግ የፌስቡክ ገጽ ተከታታዮቻችን ለዛሬ ቀብድ በፍትሓብሄር ህጋችን ያለውን ህጋዊ አንድምታ በተመለከተ አንድ ጥንቅር ልናስነብባችሁ ወደናል ከወዲሁ መልካም ንባብ ተመኝን፡፡
ቀብድ/ቃብድ ክፍያ ማለት?
-------------------------------
ቀብድ ከጥንት ጀምሮ ህብረተሰቡ ሲጠቀምበት የነበረ ሲሆን ብላክስ ሎው ዲክሽነሪ የቀብድ ክፍያ ሲተረጉም የቀብድ ክፍያ ማለት ውል መደረጉን ለማረጋገጥ ገዥ ለሻጭ የሚሰጠው ገንዘብ ወይም ዋጋ ያለው ዕቃ ማለት ነው ብሎ ይተረጉመዋል፡፡
በሀገራችንም የፍትሐብሔር ህግ ቁጥር 1883 የቀብድ ትርጉም ሲያስቀምጥ አንድ ወገን ለአንዱ ወገን ቀብድ መስጠቱ በማያከራክር ሁኔታ ውል መደረጉን ያረጋግጣል በማለት ይገልፃል፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ በፍትሐብሔር ህግ ስለውል አፈፃፀም ድንጋጌዎች መሰረት በፅሁፍ ሊደረጉ እና በፍ/ቤት መዝገብ ወይም ውል የማዋዋል ስልጣን በተሰጠው ፊት መሆን የሚገባቸው ውሎች በፅሁፍ ሳይረደጉ ቀረተው ቀብድ መሰጠቱ ብቻ ውል መፈፀሙ አያረጋግጥም፡፡
የቀብድ ክፍያን ምንነት የበለጠ ለመረዳት ይቻል ዘንድ በጉዳዩ ላይ የሚያጠነጥን አንድ ኬዝ እናስነብባችሁ፡- የፌደራል ጠቅላይ ፍ/ቤት ሰበር ሰሚ ችሎት የሰ/መ/ቁ. 56794 በአመልካች አቶ ሳህለ ሙለጌታ በተጠሪዎች በእነ አቶ ሰለሞን ኤፌሬም ክርክር ላይ የሰጠውን የህግ ትርጉም መመልከት ተገቢ ነው፡፡
የጉዳዩ መነሻ ለፌ/ጠ/ፍ/ቤት ሰበር ሰሚ ችሎት አመልካች ለተጠሪዎች ቤት ለመሸጥ ተስማምቶ የቀብድ ክፍያ ከተቀበለ በኋላ አመልካች ውሉን መሰረዙ በደብዳቤ የገለፀ ሲሆን ተጠሪዎች በውሉ
መሰረት ቤቱን እንዲያስረክብ ይህ ቢታለፍ የቀብዱን አጠፌታ እንዲክፍል እንዲወሰን በፌደራል ከፍተኛ ፍ/ቤት ክስ አቅርበው አመልካች/ሻጭ ቀርቦ በመካከላችን ከረቂቅ ያለፈ በህግ ፊት የሚፀና የሽያጭ ውል የሌለ በመሆኑ ክስ ውድቅ እንዲደረግልኝ በማለት መልስ ሰጥቷል፡፡ ከፍተኛ ፍ/ቤቱም የፍትሐብሔር ህጉን የቀብድ ድንጋጌዎች በመጥቀስ በአመልካች/
በሻጭና በተጠሪዎች/በገዥዎች መካከል የሽያጭ ውል ያለ በመሆኑ በውላቸው መሰረት ሻጭ ቤቱን ያስረክብ ገዢዎችም ቀሪውን ክፍያ ይፈፅሙ በማለት ወስኗል፡፡
ጠቅላይ ፍ/ቤት ይህንን የከፍተኛ ፍ/ቤት ውሳኔ ያፀናል፡፡ አመልካች በውሳኔው ቅር በመሰኘት ለፌደራል ጠቅላይ ፍ/ቤት ሰበር ሰሚ ችሎት በውል አዋዋይ ወይም በፍ/ቤት መዝገብ ሹም ፊት ያልተደረገ ውል አስገዳጅነት ያለውና የፀና ውል ነው በማለት በስር ፍ/ቤትና በይግባኝ ሰሚ ችሎት የተሰጠው ውሳኔ መሰረታዊ የህግ ጥሰት አለበት፡፡
ውል አለ ቢባል እንኳን በውሉ አደራረግ ወቅት ተፅእኖ ያለበት በመሆኑ የቀበድን አጠፌታ እንድከፈል ያቀረበው ጥያቄ አግባብ አይደለም በማለት አመልክቷል፡፡
የሰበር ሰሚ ችሎት የስር ፍ/ቤት ተጠሪዎች ለአመልካች የቀብድ ገንዘብ የከፈሉ መሆኑና አመልካች ከተጠሪዎች የቀብዱን ገንዘብ የተቀበሉ በመሆናቸው ይህም የቤት ሽያጭ ውል መደረጉን በማያከራክር ሁኔታ እንደሚያረጋግጥ የፍትሐብሔር ህግ ቁጥር 1883 በተደነገገው መሰረት ያደረገ በመሆኑ የህግ ስህተት የለበትም በማለት ወስኗል፡፡
ከዚህ የሰበር ችሎት ውሳኔ ቀብድ ሰጪ/ከፋይ ለቀብድ ተቀባይ የቀብድ ክፍያ መፈፀሙ በሲጪና በተቀባይ መካከል በቀጣይ የሚፈፀም/የሚጠናቀቅ ውል መኖሩን የሚያረጋግጥ መሆኑን መረዳት እንችላለን፡፡
እንዲሁም በፅሁፍ ሽያጭ ውል መሰረት ተደርጎ የቀብድ ክፍያ ከተፈፀመና ይህም በሁለቱ ወገኖች የታመነ ሆኖ እያለ በውልና ማስረጃ ባለመመዝገቡ ብቻ ውል የለም ማለት ከፍትሐብሔር ህጉ ቁጥር 1723 ዓላማ ጋር የሚሄድ አለመሆኑ ከዚህ ውሳኔ እና ከሰ/መ/ቁ 36887 መረዳት ይቻላል፡፡
በአጭሩ የቀብድ ክፍያ ማለት በተዋዋይ ወገኖች መካከል ውል መኖሩ እና ተዋዋይ ወገኖች በውሉ ለመገደድ ወይም ውሉን እስከ መጨረሻው ተከታትሎ ለመጨረስ ያለን ፍላጎት ለማሳየት ሲል በመያዣነት ቀብድ ሰጪ ለቀብድ ተቀባይ የሚሰጠው ክፍያ ነው፡፡ በዚህ ዓይነቱ ክፍያ ተዋዋይ ወገኖች መካከል የሽያጭ ወይም የአገልግሎት የውል ስምምነት መኖሩን፤ በቀጣይም ሁለቱም ተዋዋይ ወገኖች በውል ስምምነቱ ለመገደድ ያላቸውን ፍላጎት የሚገልጽበት ነው፡፡
ቀብድ ክፍያ ውጤት ምንድነው?
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በፍትሐብሔር ህግ ቁጥር 1884 መሰረት ተቃራኒ ስምምነት ከሌለ በቀር ቀብድ ተቀባይ ውሉ ከተፈፀመ በኋላ የቀብዱን ገንዘብ መመለስ ወይም ውሉ ሲፈፀም ከጠቅላላው ክፍያ መቀነስ ያለበት መሆኑ ይደነግጋል፡፡
ሰለዚህ ለተዋዋይ ወገኖች የተወወ ቢሆንም ሌላ ስምምነት ካላደረጉ ውሉ ሲፈፀም የቀብድ ክፍያ እንደ ቅደመ ክፍያ ይቆጠራል ወይም ቀብድ ተቀባይ ለቀብድ ሰጪ ይመልሳል፡፡
ቀብድ ሰጪ ወይም ቀብድ ተቀባይ ውሉ ለመተው ቢፈልጉ ያለ ኃላፊነት/ግዴታ በፍ/ህግ ቁ. 1885 ስር ተደንጓል፡፡ በዚህ ድንጋጌ መሰረት ሌላ ስምምነት ከሌለ በስተቀር ቀብድ ሰጪ የሰጠውን የቀብድ ክፍያ በመልቀቅ ውሉ መተው ይችላል፡፡
ቀብድ ተቀባይ ደግሞ የተቀበለውን ቀብድ አጠፌታ በመክፈል ውሉን መተው ይችላል፡፡ ቀብድ ሰጪና ቀብድ ተቀባይ ውሉን ሲያፈርሱ የሚከፈለው የቀብድ ክፍያ መጠን አንድ አይነት አይደለም፡፡ ቀብድ ተቀባይ የቀብዱን እጥፍ እንዲከፈል ህጉ ያስገደደው የተደረገው ውሉ ባለመፈፀሙ ምክንያት በሌላኛው ወገን (በቀብድ ሰጪ) ሊደረስ የሚችለውን ጉዳት እንደማካካሻ እንዲሆን በማሰብ ነው፡፡
ከላይ በተመለከት ነው የሰበር ክርክር ጉዳይን የቀበድ ውጤትን ለበለጠ ለመረዳት ስንመለከት ችሎቱ በውላቸው ላይ የተለየ ስምምነት የሌለ በመሆኑ በፍ/ህግ ቁጥር 1885 ንዑስ አንቀጽ 2 መሰረት አመልካች/በቀብድ ተቀባይ የቀብዱን አጠፌታ በመክፈል ውሉን የማፍረስ መብት አላቸው፡፡
ስለሆነም በስር ፍ/ቤቶች ቀብድ የተከፈለበት ውል ሆኖ እያለ የፍ/ህግ ቁጥር 1885 ንዑስ አንቀጽ 2 ከግንዛቤ ሳይሰገቡ አመልካች/በቀብድ ተቀባይ ለተጠሪዎች ቤቱን እንዲያስረክብ እና የሽያጭ ውሉን እንዲፈፀም የተሰጠው ውሳኔ የህግ ስህተት ያለበት ነው፡፡
አመልካች ከተጠሪዎች የተቀበለውን ቀብድ ብር 206,000 /ሁለት መቶ ስድስት ሺህ ብር/ አጠፌታ አድርጎ ብር 412,000 /አራት መቶ አሥራ ሁለት ሺህ ብር/ ለተጠሪዎች በመከፍል የሽያጭ ውለን ማፍረስ ይችላል በማለት ወስኗል፡፡
ሰለዚህ ቀብድ ክፍያ በቀብድ ሰጪና በቀብድ ተቀባይ መካከል ውል መኖሩን ከማረጋገጥ በላይ ቀብድ ሰጪ ሆነ ቀብድ ተቀባይ በሕግ የተጣለባቸውን ግዴታና ኃላፊነት በመወጣት ማለትም ቀብድ ሰጪ ቀብድ ክፍያውን በመተው እንዲሁም ቀብድ ተቀባይ የቀብድ አጠፌታውን በመክፈል ውለታውን ማፈረስ ይችላሉ፡፡
ውድ አንባቢያን ለዛሬ ያዘጋጀንላችሁን ጥንቅር በዚሁ አበቃን በቀጣይ በሌላ ርዕሰ ጉዳይ እስክንገናኝ ሰላም፡
https://telegram.me/lawsocieties
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https://telegram.me/lawsocieties
ሰላም እንዴት ናችሁ ውድ የኢፌድሪ ጠቅላይ ዐቃቤ ህግ የፌስቡክ ገጽ ተከታታዮቻችን ለዛሬ ቀብድ በፍትሓብሄር ህጋችን ያለውን ህጋዊ አንድምታ በተመለከተ አንድ ጥንቅር ልናስነብባችሁ ወደናል ከወዲሁ መልካም ንባብ ተመኝን፡፡
ቀብድ/ቃብድ ክፍያ ማለት?
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ቀብድ ከጥንት ጀምሮ ህብረተሰቡ ሲጠቀምበት የነበረ ሲሆን ብላክስ ሎው ዲክሽነሪ የቀብድ ክፍያ ሲተረጉም የቀብድ ክፍያ ማለት ውል መደረጉን ለማረጋገጥ ገዥ ለሻጭ የሚሰጠው ገንዘብ ወይም ዋጋ ያለው ዕቃ ማለት ነው ብሎ ይተረጉመዋል፡፡
በሀገራችንም የፍትሐብሔር ህግ ቁጥር 1883 የቀብድ ትርጉም ሲያስቀምጥ አንድ ወገን ለአንዱ ወገን ቀብድ መስጠቱ በማያከራክር ሁኔታ ውል መደረጉን ያረጋግጣል በማለት ይገልፃል፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ በፍትሐብሔር ህግ ስለውል አፈፃፀም ድንጋጌዎች መሰረት በፅሁፍ ሊደረጉ እና በፍ/ቤት መዝገብ ወይም ውል የማዋዋል ስልጣን በተሰጠው ፊት መሆን የሚገባቸው ውሎች በፅሁፍ ሳይረደጉ ቀረተው ቀብድ መሰጠቱ ብቻ ውል መፈፀሙ አያረጋግጥም፡፡
የቀብድ ክፍያን ምንነት የበለጠ ለመረዳት ይቻል ዘንድ በጉዳዩ ላይ የሚያጠነጥን አንድ ኬዝ እናስነብባችሁ፡- የፌደራል ጠቅላይ ፍ/ቤት ሰበር ሰሚ ችሎት የሰ/መ/ቁ. 56794 በአመልካች አቶ ሳህለ ሙለጌታ በተጠሪዎች በእነ አቶ ሰለሞን ኤፌሬም ክርክር ላይ የሰጠውን የህግ ትርጉም መመልከት ተገቢ ነው፡፡
የጉዳዩ መነሻ ለፌ/ጠ/ፍ/ቤት ሰበር ሰሚ ችሎት አመልካች ለተጠሪዎች ቤት ለመሸጥ ተስማምቶ የቀብድ ክፍያ ከተቀበለ በኋላ አመልካች ውሉን መሰረዙ በደብዳቤ የገለፀ ሲሆን ተጠሪዎች በውሉ
መሰረት ቤቱን እንዲያስረክብ ይህ ቢታለፍ የቀብዱን አጠፌታ እንዲክፍል እንዲወሰን በፌደራል ከፍተኛ ፍ/ቤት ክስ አቅርበው አመልካች/ሻጭ ቀርቦ በመካከላችን ከረቂቅ ያለፈ በህግ ፊት የሚፀና የሽያጭ ውል የሌለ በመሆኑ ክስ ውድቅ እንዲደረግልኝ በማለት መልስ ሰጥቷል፡፡ ከፍተኛ ፍ/ቤቱም የፍትሐብሔር ህጉን የቀብድ ድንጋጌዎች በመጥቀስ በአመልካች/
በሻጭና በተጠሪዎች/በገዥዎች መካከል የሽያጭ ውል ያለ በመሆኑ በውላቸው መሰረት ሻጭ ቤቱን ያስረክብ ገዢዎችም ቀሪውን ክፍያ ይፈፅሙ በማለት ወስኗል፡፡
ጠቅላይ ፍ/ቤት ይህንን የከፍተኛ ፍ/ቤት ውሳኔ ያፀናል፡፡ አመልካች በውሳኔው ቅር በመሰኘት ለፌደራል ጠቅላይ ፍ/ቤት ሰበር ሰሚ ችሎት በውል አዋዋይ ወይም በፍ/ቤት መዝገብ ሹም ፊት ያልተደረገ ውል አስገዳጅነት ያለውና የፀና ውል ነው በማለት በስር ፍ/ቤትና በይግባኝ ሰሚ ችሎት የተሰጠው ውሳኔ መሰረታዊ የህግ ጥሰት አለበት፡፡
ውል አለ ቢባል እንኳን በውሉ አደራረግ ወቅት ተፅእኖ ያለበት በመሆኑ የቀበድን አጠፌታ እንድከፈል ያቀረበው ጥያቄ አግባብ አይደለም በማለት አመልክቷል፡፡
የሰበር ሰሚ ችሎት የስር ፍ/ቤት ተጠሪዎች ለአመልካች የቀብድ ገንዘብ የከፈሉ መሆኑና አመልካች ከተጠሪዎች የቀብዱን ገንዘብ የተቀበሉ በመሆናቸው ይህም የቤት ሽያጭ ውል መደረጉን በማያከራክር ሁኔታ እንደሚያረጋግጥ የፍትሐብሔር ህግ ቁጥር 1883 በተደነገገው መሰረት ያደረገ በመሆኑ የህግ ስህተት የለበትም በማለት ወስኗል፡፡
ከዚህ የሰበር ችሎት ውሳኔ ቀብድ ሰጪ/ከፋይ ለቀብድ ተቀባይ የቀብድ ክፍያ መፈፀሙ በሲጪና በተቀባይ መካከል በቀጣይ የሚፈፀም/የሚጠናቀቅ ውል መኖሩን የሚያረጋግጥ መሆኑን መረዳት እንችላለን፡፡
እንዲሁም በፅሁፍ ሽያጭ ውል መሰረት ተደርጎ የቀብድ ክፍያ ከተፈፀመና ይህም በሁለቱ ወገኖች የታመነ ሆኖ እያለ በውልና ማስረጃ ባለመመዝገቡ ብቻ ውል የለም ማለት ከፍትሐብሔር ህጉ ቁጥር 1723 ዓላማ ጋር የሚሄድ አለመሆኑ ከዚህ ውሳኔ እና ከሰ/መ/ቁ 36887 መረዳት ይቻላል፡፡
በአጭሩ የቀብድ ክፍያ ማለት በተዋዋይ ወገኖች መካከል ውል መኖሩ እና ተዋዋይ ወገኖች በውሉ ለመገደድ ወይም ውሉን እስከ መጨረሻው ተከታትሎ ለመጨረስ ያለን ፍላጎት ለማሳየት ሲል በመያዣነት ቀብድ ሰጪ ለቀብድ ተቀባይ የሚሰጠው ክፍያ ነው፡፡ በዚህ ዓይነቱ ክፍያ ተዋዋይ ወገኖች መካከል የሽያጭ ወይም የአገልግሎት የውል ስምምነት መኖሩን፤ በቀጣይም ሁለቱም ተዋዋይ ወገኖች በውል ስምምነቱ ለመገደድ ያላቸውን ፍላጎት የሚገልጽበት ነው፡፡
ቀብድ ክፍያ ውጤት ምንድነው?
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https://telegram.me/lawsocieties
በፍትሐብሔር ህግ ቁጥር 1884 መሰረት ተቃራኒ ስምምነት ከሌለ በቀር ቀብድ ተቀባይ ውሉ ከተፈፀመ በኋላ የቀብዱን ገንዘብ መመለስ ወይም ውሉ ሲፈፀም ከጠቅላላው ክፍያ መቀነስ ያለበት መሆኑ ይደነግጋል፡፡
ሰለዚህ ለተዋዋይ ወገኖች የተወወ ቢሆንም ሌላ ስምምነት ካላደረጉ ውሉ ሲፈፀም የቀብድ ክፍያ እንደ ቅደመ ክፍያ ይቆጠራል ወይም ቀብድ ተቀባይ ለቀብድ ሰጪ ይመልሳል፡፡
ቀብድ ሰጪ ወይም ቀብድ ተቀባይ ውሉ ለመተው ቢፈልጉ ያለ ኃላፊነት/ግዴታ በፍ/ህግ ቁ. 1885 ስር ተደንጓል፡፡ በዚህ ድንጋጌ መሰረት ሌላ ስምምነት ከሌለ በስተቀር ቀብድ ሰጪ የሰጠውን የቀብድ ክፍያ በመልቀቅ ውሉ መተው ይችላል፡፡
ቀብድ ተቀባይ ደግሞ የተቀበለውን ቀብድ አጠፌታ በመክፈል ውሉን መተው ይችላል፡፡ ቀብድ ሰጪና ቀብድ ተቀባይ ውሉን ሲያፈርሱ የሚከፈለው የቀብድ ክፍያ መጠን አንድ አይነት አይደለም፡፡ ቀብድ ተቀባይ የቀብዱን እጥፍ እንዲከፈል ህጉ ያስገደደው የተደረገው ውሉ ባለመፈፀሙ ምክንያት በሌላኛው ወገን (በቀብድ ሰጪ) ሊደረስ የሚችለውን ጉዳት እንደማካካሻ እንዲሆን በማሰብ ነው፡፡
ከላይ በተመለከት ነው የሰበር ክርክር ጉዳይን የቀበድ ውጤትን ለበለጠ ለመረዳት ስንመለከት ችሎቱ በውላቸው ላይ የተለየ ስምምነት የሌለ በመሆኑ በፍ/ህግ ቁጥር 1885 ንዑስ አንቀጽ 2 መሰረት አመልካች/በቀብድ ተቀባይ የቀብዱን አጠፌታ በመክፈል ውሉን የማፍረስ መብት አላቸው፡፡
ስለሆነም በስር ፍ/ቤቶች ቀብድ የተከፈለበት ውል ሆኖ እያለ የፍ/ህግ ቁጥር 1885 ንዑስ አንቀጽ 2 ከግንዛቤ ሳይሰገቡ አመልካች/በቀብድ ተቀባይ ለተጠሪዎች ቤቱን እንዲያስረክብ እና የሽያጭ ውሉን እንዲፈፀም የተሰጠው ውሳኔ የህግ ስህተት ያለበት ነው፡፡
አመልካች ከተጠሪዎች የተቀበለውን ቀብድ ብር 206,000 /ሁለት መቶ ስድስት ሺህ ብር/ አጠፌታ አድርጎ ብር 412,000 /አራት መቶ አሥራ ሁለት ሺህ ብር/ ለተጠሪዎች በመከፍል የሽያጭ ውለን ማፍረስ ይችላል በማለት ወስኗል፡፡
ሰለዚህ ቀብድ ክፍያ በቀብድ ሰጪና በቀብድ ተቀባይ መካከል ውል መኖሩን ከማረጋገጥ በላይ ቀብድ ሰጪ ሆነ ቀብድ ተቀባይ በሕግ የተጣለባቸውን ግዴታና ኃላፊነት በመወጣት ማለትም ቀብድ ሰጪ ቀብድ ክፍያውን በመተው እንዲሁም ቀብድ ተቀባይ የቀብድ አጠፌታውን በመክፈል ውለታውን ማፈረስ ይችላሉ፡፡
ውድ አንባቢያን ለዛሬ ያዘጋጀንላችሁን ጥንቅር በዚሁ አበቃን በቀጣይ በሌላ ርዕሰ ጉዳይ እስክንገናኝ ሰላም፡
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