What are lozenges used for?

This product is used to temporarily help relieve symptoms such as sore throat, throat irritation, or cough (due to a cold, for example). It works by providing a cooling feeling and increasing saliva in the mouth.

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Urobilinogen
Urobilinogen is a colorless by-product of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestines by bacterial action on bilirubin. About half of the urobilinogen formed is reabsorbed and taken up via the portal vein to the liver, enters circulation and is excreted by the kidney. 

Normal range

The normal urobilinogen concentration in urine ranges from 0.1-1.8 mg/dl (1.7-30 µmol/l), concentrations >2.0 mg/dl (34 µmol/l) are considered to be pathological. Urobilinogen does not occur in urine, unless bilirubin gets into the intestines.

What if urobilinogen is positive?

Positive urine urobilinogen test results may indicate liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver damage due to drugs or toxic substances, or conditions associated with increased red blood cell destruction (hemolytic anemia).

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Fundoplication is a surgical procedure used to treat stomach acid reflux. During fundoplication, the top part of your stomach — called the fundus — is folded and sewn around the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscular valve at the bottom of your esophagus.
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What is a T tube used for?
T Tube is a draining tube placed in the common bile duct after common bile duct (CBD) exploration with supra-duodenal choledochotomy. It provides external drainage of bile into a controlled route while the healing process of choledochotomy is maturing and the original pathology is resolving.
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3.2 Esophagogastric tamponade tubes are used to control bleeding from gastric or esophageal varices. The suction lumens allow the evacuation of accumulated blood from the stomach or esophagus and intermittent instillation of saline to help evacuate blood or clots.
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What is difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

Diverticulosis occurs when small, bulging pouches (diverticula) develop in your digestive tract. When one or more of these pouches become inflamed or infected, the condition is called diverticulitis.

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Prokinetic agents, or prokinetics, are medications that help control acid reflux. Prokinetics help strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and cause the contents of the stomach to empty faster. This allows less time for acid reflux to occur.
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