Fundoplication is a surgical procedure used to treat stomach acid reflux. During fundoplication, the top part of your stomach — called the fundus — is folded and sewn around the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscular valve at the bottom of your esophagus.
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bland diet

A bland diet includes foods that are soft, not very spicy, and low in fiber. If you are on a bland diet, you should not eat spicy, fried, or raw foods. You should not drink alcohol or drinks with caffeine in them. Your health care provider will tell you when you can start eating other foods again
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What is a T tube used for?
T Tube is a draining tube placed in the common bile duct after common bile duct (CBD) exploration with supra-duodenal choledochotomy. It provides external drainage of bile into a controlled route while the healing process of choledochotomy is maturing and the original pathology is resolving.
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3.2 Esophagogastric tamponade tubes are used to control bleeding from gastric or esophageal varices. The suction lumens allow the evacuation of accumulated blood from the stomach or esophagus and intermittent instillation of saline to help evacuate blood or clots.
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ch 48 session 1 part a:
I. Anatomy and Physiology
A. Functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) system
B. Mouth
C. Esophagus
D. Stomach
E. Small intestine
F. Pancreatic intestinal juice enzymes
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#p1479 #p1480

#نمونه_تدریس
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Cullen sign is a term used to describe a discoloration around the navel. It appears in the fatty tissue as swelling, bruising, and an unusual color. Cullen sign may be seen in patients with certain health conditions, such as: Pancreatitis , inflammation of the pancreas.

Grey Turner sign is a discoloration of the left flank associated with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.
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What is difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

Diverticulosis occurs when small, bulging pouches (diverticula) develop in your digestive tract. When one or more of these pouches become inflamed or infected, the condition is called diverticulitis.

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Milk-alkali syndrome is a condition in which there is a high level of calcium in the body (hypercalcemia). This causes a shift in the body's acid/base balance toward alkaline (metabolic alkalosis). As a result, there can be a loss of kidney function.
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Prokinetic agents, or prokinetics, are medications that help control acid reflux. Prokinetics help strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and cause the contents of the stomach to empty faster. This allows less time for acid reflux to occur.
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ch 49 session 1:
I. Antacids
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#Gastrointestinal_Medications
#p1544

#نمونه_تدریس
جهت ثبت نام در دوره صوتی فشرده کتاب ساندرز کامپرهنسیو در دایرکت پیام بدهید لطفا
@takaloo_rn
@nclexrnexam
@htakaloo

Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology
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accessory muscles Anatomy
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sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a rare condition that causes small patches of red and swollen tissue, called granulomas, to develop in the organs of the body. It usually affects the lungs and skin. The symptoms of sarcoidosis depend on which organs are affected, but typically include: tender, red bumps on the skin. shortness of breath.
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flail chest
Flail chest describes a situation in which a portion of the rib cage is separated from the rest of the chest wall, usually due to a severe blunt trauma, such as a serious fall or a car accident.
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Pulsus paradoxus is defined as a fall of systolic blood pressure of >10 mmHg during the inspiratory phase.
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