#کمبریج_۱۳_تست_۴_ریدینگ_ ۳
• The Happiness Industry: How the Government and Big Business Sold Us Well-Being
'Happiness is the ultimate goal because it is self-evidently good. If we are asked why happiness matters .we can give no further external reason.
It just obviously does matter.' This pronouncement by Richard Layard, an economist and advocate of 'positive psychology', summarises the beliefs of many people today. For Layard and others like him, it is obvious that the purpose of government is to promote a state of collective well-being. The only question is how to achieve it, and here positive psychology can show the way a supposed science that not only identifies what makes people happy but also allows their happiness to be measured Equipped with this science
they say governments can secure happiness in society in a way they never could in the past
❌عبارات فوق العاده پاراگراف اول
🔰The Happiness Industry: How the Government and Big Business Sold Us Well-Being
⏹صنعت شادی:چگونه دولت و شرکتهای بزرگ ، رفاه را به ما فروخت
🔰'Happiness is the ultimate goal
⏹شادی هدف نهایی است
🔰because it is self-evidently good.
⏹زیرا شادی به خودی خود (آشکارا) خوب است
🔰If we are asked why happiness matters
⏹اگر از ما بپرسند چرا شادی مهم است
🔰we can give no further external reason.
⏹ما نمیتوانیم دلیل بیرونی دیگری بیاوریم
🔰It just obviously does matter.'
⏹شادی بدیهی است که مهم است
🔰This pronouncement by Richard Layard,
⏹این عقیده ریچارد لایارد
🔰an economist and advocate of 'positive psychology',
⏹اقتصاد دان و حامی روانشناسی مثبت
🔰summarises the beliefs of many people today.
⏹عقاید بسیاری از مردم امروز را خلاصه میکند
🔰For Layard and others like him,
⏹به نظر لایارد و افراد دیگر مانند او
🔰it is obvious that
⏹روشن است که
🔰the purpose of government is to promote a state of collective well-being.
⏹هدف دولت ، افزایش وضعیتی از رفاه جمعی است
🔰The only question is how to achieve it,
⏹تنها سوال اینست که چگونه به آن دست پیدا کنیم
🔰and here positive psychology can show the way
⏹و اینجاست که روانشناسی مثبت راه را نشان می دهد
🔰- a supposed science that not only identifies what makes people happy but also allows their happiness to be measured
⏹علمی فرضی که شناسایی میکند نه تنها آنچه که موجب شادی مردم میشود بلکه امکان سنجش شادیشان را فراهم میکند
🔰Equipped with this science
⏹مجهز به این علم
🔰, they say,
⏹به گفته آنها
🔰governments can secure happiness in society
⏹دولتها میتوانند شادی را درجامعه تامین کنند
🔰in a way they never could in the past
⏹به روشی که آنها هرگز در گذشته نمیتوانستند
• The Happiness Industry: How the Government and Big Business Sold Us Well-Being
'Happiness is the ultimate goal because it is self-evidently good. If we are asked why happiness matters .we can give no further external reason.
It just obviously does matter.' This pronouncement by Richard Layard, an economist and advocate of 'positive psychology', summarises the beliefs of many people today. For Layard and others like him, it is obvious that the purpose of government is to promote a state of collective well-being. The only question is how to achieve it, and here positive psychology can show the way a supposed science that not only identifies what makes people happy but also allows their happiness to be measured Equipped with this science
they say governments can secure happiness in society in a way they never could in the past
❌عبارات فوق العاده پاراگراف اول
🔰The Happiness Industry: How the Government and Big Business Sold Us Well-Being
⏹صنعت شادی:چگونه دولت و شرکتهای بزرگ ، رفاه را به ما فروخت
🔰'Happiness is the ultimate goal
⏹شادی هدف نهایی است
🔰because it is self-evidently good.
⏹زیرا شادی به خودی خود (آشکارا) خوب است
🔰If we are asked why happiness matters
⏹اگر از ما بپرسند چرا شادی مهم است
🔰we can give no further external reason.
⏹ما نمیتوانیم دلیل بیرونی دیگری بیاوریم
🔰It just obviously does matter.'
⏹شادی بدیهی است که مهم است
🔰This pronouncement by Richard Layard,
⏹این عقیده ریچارد لایارد
🔰an economist and advocate of 'positive psychology',
⏹اقتصاد دان و حامی روانشناسی مثبت
🔰summarises the beliefs of many people today.
⏹عقاید بسیاری از مردم امروز را خلاصه میکند
🔰For Layard and others like him,
⏹به نظر لایارد و افراد دیگر مانند او
🔰it is obvious that
⏹روشن است که
🔰the purpose of government is to promote a state of collective well-being.
⏹هدف دولت ، افزایش وضعیتی از رفاه جمعی است
🔰The only question is how to achieve it,
⏹تنها سوال اینست که چگونه به آن دست پیدا کنیم
🔰and here positive psychology can show the way
⏹و اینجاست که روانشناسی مثبت راه را نشان می دهد
🔰- a supposed science that not only identifies what makes people happy but also allows their happiness to be measured
⏹علمی فرضی که شناسایی میکند نه تنها آنچه که موجب شادی مردم میشود بلکه امکان سنجش شادیشان را فراهم میکند
🔰Equipped with this science
⏹مجهز به این علم
🔰, they say,
⏹به گفته آنها
🔰governments can secure happiness in society
⏹دولتها میتوانند شادی را درجامعه تامین کنند
🔰in a way they never could in the past
⏹به روشی که آنها هرگز در گذشته نمیتوانستند
#کمبریج_۱۳_تست_۴_ریدینگ_۲
🚫Peter Groffman, from the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in New York, points out that soil scientists have been warning about the degradation of the world's soil for decades. At the same time, our understanding of its importance to humans has grown. A single gram of healthy soil might contain 100 million bacteria, as well as other microorganisms such as viruses and fungi, living amid decomposing plants and various minerals. That means soils do not just grow our food, but are the source of nearly all our existing antibiotics, and could be our best hope in the fight against antibioticresistant bacteria.
🔴ساختار فوق العاده پاراگراف دوم و سوم
💯Peter Groffman, from the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in New York,
♨پیتر گرافمان از موسسه مطالعات اکوسیستم کاری در نیویورک
💯points out that ..
♨خاطر نشان می کند که
💯soil scientists have been warning about the degradation of the world's soil for decades.
♨دانشمندان خاک هشدار داده اند در مورد از بین رفتن خاک جهان در چند دهه گذشته
💯At the same time,
♨همزمان
💯our understanding of its importance to humans has grown.
♨در درک ما از اهمیت خاک برای انسانها افزایش یافته است
💯A single gram of healthy soil might contain 100 million bacteria,
♨یک گرم از خاک سالم ممکن است حاوی 100 میلیون باکتری باشد
💯as well as other microorganisms
♨و نیز حاوی دیگر میکرو ارگانیزمهای
💯such as viruses and fungi,
♨مانند ویروسها و قارچها
💯living amid decomposing plants and various minerals
♨که زندگی در میان گیاهان و مواد آلی مختلف در حال تجزیه
💯That means …
♨این به این معنی است که
💯soils do not just grow our food,
♨خاکها فقط غذای ما را رشد و تامین
نمیکنند
💯but are the source of nearly all our existing antibiotics,
♨بلکه منبع تقریبا همه انتی بیوتیکهای موجود ما هستند
💯and could be our best hope in the fight against antibiotic- resistant bacteria.
♨و ممکن است بهترین امید ما در نبرد علیه باکتریهای مقاوم در برابر انتی بیوتیک باشد
🚫Peter Groffman, from the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in New York, points out that soil scientists have been warning about the degradation of the world's soil for decades. At the same time, our understanding of its importance to humans has grown. A single gram of healthy soil might contain 100 million bacteria, as well as other microorganisms such as viruses and fungi, living amid decomposing plants and various minerals. That means soils do not just grow our food, but are the source of nearly all our existing antibiotics, and could be our best hope in the fight against antibioticresistant bacteria.
🔴ساختار فوق العاده پاراگراف دوم و سوم
💯Peter Groffman, from the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in New York,
♨پیتر گرافمان از موسسه مطالعات اکوسیستم کاری در نیویورک
💯points out that ..
♨خاطر نشان می کند که
💯soil scientists have been warning about the degradation of the world's soil for decades.
♨دانشمندان خاک هشدار داده اند در مورد از بین رفتن خاک جهان در چند دهه گذشته
💯At the same time,
♨همزمان
💯our understanding of its importance to humans has grown.
♨در درک ما از اهمیت خاک برای انسانها افزایش یافته است
💯A single gram of healthy soil might contain 100 million bacteria,
♨یک گرم از خاک سالم ممکن است حاوی 100 میلیون باکتری باشد
💯as well as other microorganisms
♨و نیز حاوی دیگر میکرو ارگانیزمهای
💯such as viruses and fungi,
♨مانند ویروسها و قارچها
💯living amid decomposing plants and various minerals
♨که زندگی در میان گیاهان و مواد آلی مختلف در حال تجزیه
💯That means …
♨این به این معنی است که
💯soils do not just grow our food,
♨خاکها فقط غذای ما را رشد و تامین
نمیکنند
💯but are the source of nearly all our existing antibiotics,
♨بلکه منبع تقریبا همه انتی بیوتیکهای موجود ما هستند
💯and could be our best hope in the fight against antibiotic- resistant bacteria.
♨و ممکن است بهترین امید ما در نبرد علیه باکتریهای مقاوم در برابر انتی بیوتیک باشد