❇️ The -ing form

👉 The –ing form can be used like a noun, like an adjective or like a verb.
شکل ing فعل را میتوانید به عنوان اسم، صفت و یا فعل استفاده کنید.

✅ Smoking is forbidden.
✅ I have a long working day.
✅ I don't like dancing.

👉 The in’s form of the verb that functions as a noun is called gerund.

✅ Marketing is a very inexact science.
✅ The marketing of the product will continue for a few months yet.
It can also be part of a 'noun phrase'.
✅ Speaking to an audience is always stressful.
✅ Swimming after work is very relaxing.

👉 In formal English, we would use a possessive with the –ing form. In informal English, many people do not.

✅ I'm angry about his missing the meeting.
✅ Do you mind my coming?

👉 As an adjective, the –ing form can be used before a noun.

✅ I was met by a welcoming party at the airport.
✅ Let's go to the meeting room.

👉 The –ing form is used after prepositions.

✅ Before leaving, you need to speak to Sara.
✅ After discussing it with her, I've changed my mind.
✅ Instead of feeling sorry for yourself, do some work for charity.

👉 Notice that when 'to' is used as a preposition, it is followed by the –ing form.

✅ I don't object to working this Sunday.
✅ I'm looking forward to seeing him again.
✅ I'm used to working long hours.

👉 There are many verb + -ing combinations. Here are some common ones:

✅ I admit telling her.
✅ I appreciate having the raise.
✅ I avoid speaking to him.
✅ I consider blowing your nose in public to be wrong.
✅ I delayed coming until the last possible moment.
✅ He denied telling her.
✅ I detest going to parties.
✅ I've finished writing the report.
✅ I've given up going to the gym.
✅ I can't help thinking about it.
✅ I can't imagine ever leaving this company.

@Nanonet1

❇️ Idiom

♦️ tighten the reins
کاری را با جدیت بیشتر انجام دادن، کنترل چیزی را به دست گرفتن

👉 To begin doing something more carefully or cautiously; to regain or tighten control of someone or something.

✅ This thesis you're planning is becoming unfocused. I think you should tighten the reins a bit.

✅ I wish those parents would tighten the rein on their kids, the little devils are tearing the place apart!

@Nanonet1

❇️ Point

تفاوت " In و Within "
به نظر شما تفاوت دوجمله زیر چیست؟

✅ I will come back in an hour.

✅ I will come back within an hour.

👈 مفهوم جمله اول به دلیل استفاده از حرف اضافه ی "in" این است که آن شخص پس از یک ساعت برمی گردد یعنی بیشتر از مدت زمان ذکر شده در جمله ولی مفهوم جمله دوم به دلیل استفاده از "within" این است که آن شخص قبل از اتمام مدت زمان ذکر شده در جمله یعنی یک ساعت برمی گردد. پس معنی جملات بالا به ترتیب عبارتند از:

من پس از یک ساعت دیگر برمی گردم.

من تا یک ساعت دیگر برمی گردم.

@Nanonet1

❇️ Conversation

A: I'm new to the neighborhood.

B: Have you been able to find everything okay?

A: Actually, could you help me with that?

B: What can I help you with?

A: I'm trying to find a nice restaurant to eat at.

B: What kind of food do you want?

A: I wouldn't mind some good Chinese food.

B: There's a great Chinese restaurant right down the street.

A: Could you tell me how to get there?

B: It's a few blocks down. You'll find it on the right-hand side.

A: Would you like to come eat lunch with me?

B: I would love to. Thanks.

@Nanonet1

Written by Rafiullah Alikozay (NorthStar 5 Student)

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❇️ Idiom

♦️ Out of character
این اصطلاح زمانی استفاده می شود که بخواهیم بگوئیم چیزی از کسی بعید است و یا از او انتظار نمی رود.

👉 If you do something that is out of character, it is unlike your usual behaviour or not what is expected from you.

Example:
✅ The way she panicked was out of character for such a normally calm person.

✅ That outburst was certainly out of character. Ali is usually very happy and laid back.

✅ I had no idea her grades were getting so low. That is really out character for her.

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❇️ Conversation

♦️Accepting invitation to a party

A: Hey Joe, how's it going?

B: Oh good, Mary. I was hoping I'd see you today. Would you like to come to a party on Friday night?

A: A party would be a perfect way to end the week!

B: Good! Do you need my address?

A: I've been to your house once, but I would appreciate you e-mailing me your address.

B: That would be no trouble at all. Who else do you think I should ask to the party?

A: I don't know if you remember my friend Jake, but I would like to bring him with me.

B: Jake would be welcome. If you think of anyone else, feel free to bring them along also.

A: What would you like me to bring?

B: Everything is taken care of, but if you and Jake want to bring something to drink, that would be appreciated.

@Nanonet1

TOEFL Vocabulary (difficult)

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❇️ IMPORTANT

❇️ با کلمه ”Afraid”حرف اضافه of بکار می رود نه about

Examples

✅ "Are you afraid of getting fired?" she asked with a grin.

"آیا شما از اخراج شدن می ترسید؟" او با یک پوزخند پرسید.

✅ I'm not afraid of making mistakes.

من از اشتباه کردن نمی ترسم.


@Nanonet1

‍‍ ❇️ Collocations with TAKE


♦️ take part in
شرکت کردن در
♦️ take place
اتفاق افتادن
♦️ take apart
جدا کردن
♦️ take pleasure
لذت بردن از
♦️ take a breath
نفس کشیدن
♦️ take pride in
افتخار کردن به
♦️ take a test
امتحان دادن
♦️ take notice
توجه کردن
♦️ take into account
مد نظر قرار دادن
♦️ take time
طول کشیدن
♦️ take off
در آوردن لباس-بر خواستن هواپیما

♦️ take advantage
بهره بردن
♦️ take a day off
مرخصی گرفتن
♦️ take sth seriously
چیزی را جدی گرفتن
♦️ take a note
یاد داشت برداشتن
♦️ take a photo / picture
عکس گرفتن
♦️ take measure
اقدام کردن
♦️ take a pill
مصرف قرص

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