❇️ Podcast 40
♦️ The 2008 Olympics
China was the host country for the 2008 Olympics. The effort made to prepare Beijing for the Olympics was massive. The cost was close to $50 billion. One big issue was air quality. Some factories had to stop operating. Automobile traffic came under strict controls. The efforts seem to have succeeded. The training for Olympic competition is rigorous. It is a years-long commitment made by the competitors and their families alike. For example, a teenage swimmer has to be driven to daily practice at 5 in the morning. Families adapt their schedules and budgets to support young athletes. Everyone feels a thrill when a fellow countryman wins an Olympic medal. In the Olympics big countries and rich countries have an automatic advantage. In a sense, competitors from smaller and poorer countries are the true heroes. One thing I don’t like is the television coverage in the United States. Commercials and commentary take up at least half the time. I usually end up recording the broadcast so I can skip over the parts I don’t like. To be honest, I can only watch so many dives before I nod off. As you can probably tell, I am not a fanatic about sports. Is it possible that love of sports is a genetic variable?
China was the host country for the 2008 Olympics.
China was host to the 2008 Olympic games.
The effort made to prepare Beijing for the Olympics was massive.
A massive effort was made to prepare Beijing for the Olympics.
The cost was close to $50 billion.
The expense was in the neighborhood of $50 billion.
One big issue was air quality.
One of the biggest challenges was air quality.
Some factories had to stop operating.
Some factories had to suspend operations.
Automobile traffic came under strict controls.
Strict controls were imposed on automobile traffic.
The efforts seem to have succeeded.
The efforts seem to have been a success.
The training for Olympic competition is rigorous.
Competing in the Olympics requires rigorous training.
It is a years-long commitment made by the competitors and their families alike.
The families of the competitors share in the years-long commitment.
For example, a teenage swimmer has to be driven to daily practice at 5 in the morning.
For instance, a teenage swimmer has to be given a ride to daily practice at 5 a.m.
Families adapt their schedules and budgets to support young athletes.
Families adjust their schedules and budgets in the support of young athletes.
Everyone feels a thrill when a fellow countryman wins an Olympic medal.
It is thrilling to see someone from your own country win an Olympic medal.
In the Olympics big countries and rich countries have an automatic advantage.
In the Olympics big and rich countries automatically have an advantage.
In a sense, competitors from smaller and poorer countries are the true heroes.
In a way, it is competitors from smaller and poorer countries who are the true heroes.
One thing I don’t like is the television coverage in the United States.
One thing that rubs me the wrong way is the TV coverage in the U.S.
Commercials and commentary take up at least half the time.
The commercials and commentary account for half the time at a minimum.
I usually end up recording the broadcast so I can skip over the parts I don’t like.
I usually end up taping the broadcast so I can skip the stuff that annoys me.
To be honest, I can only watch so many dives before I nod off.
To be candid, after watching fifteen or so dives I am ready for a nap.
As you can probably tell, I am not a fanatic about sports.
As you have probably figured out, I am not a sports fanatic.
Is it possible that love of sports is a genetic variable?
I wonder whether there is a genetic marker for love of sports.
@Nanonet1
♦️ The 2008 Olympics
China was the host country for the 2008 Olympics. The effort made to prepare Beijing for the Olympics was massive. The cost was close to $50 billion. One big issue was air quality. Some factories had to stop operating. Automobile traffic came under strict controls. The efforts seem to have succeeded. The training for Olympic competition is rigorous. It is a years-long commitment made by the competitors and their families alike. For example, a teenage swimmer has to be driven to daily practice at 5 in the morning. Families adapt their schedules and budgets to support young athletes. Everyone feels a thrill when a fellow countryman wins an Olympic medal. In the Olympics big countries and rich countries have an automatic advantage. In a sense, competitors from smaller and poorer countries are the true heroes. One thing I don’t like is the television coverage in the United States. Commercials and commentary take up at least half the time. I usually end up recording the broadcast so I can skip over the parts I don’t like. To be honest, I can only watch so many dives before I nod off. As you can probably tell, I am not a fanatic about sports. Is it possible that love of sports is a genetic variable?
China was the host country for the 2008 Olympics.
China was host to the 2008 Olympic games.
The effort made to prepare Beijing for the Olympics was massive.
A massive effort was made to prepare Beijing for the Olympics.
The cost was close to $50 billion.
The expense was in the neighborhood of $50 billion.
One big issue was air quality.
One of the biggest challenges was air quality.
Some factories had to stop operating.
Some factories had to suspend operations.
Automobile traffic came under strict controls.
Strict controls were imposed on automobile traffic.
The efforts seem to have succeeded.
The efforts seem to have been a success.
The training for Olympic competition is rigorous.
Competing in the Olympics requires rigorous training.
It is a years-long commitment made by the competitors and their families alike.
The families of the competitors share in the years-long commitment.
For example, a teenage swimmer has to be driven to daily practice at 5 in the morning.
For instance, a teenage swimmer has to be given a ride to daily practice at 5 a.m.
Families adapt their schedules and budgets to support young athletes.
Families adjust their schedules and budgets in the support of young athletes.
Everyone feels a thrill when a fellow countryman wins an Olympic medal.
It is thrilling to see someone from your own country win an Olympic medal.
In the Olympics big countries and rich countries have an automatic advantage.
In the Olympics big and rich countries automatically have an advantage.
In a sense, competitors from smaller and poorer countries are the true heroes.
In a way, it is competitors from smaller and poorer countries who are the true heroes.
One thing I don’t like is the television coverage in the United States.
One thing that rubs me the wrong way is the TV coverage in the U.S.
Commercials and commentary take up at least half the time.
The commercials and commentary account for half the time at a minimum.
I usually end up recording the broadcast so I can skip over the parts I don’t like.
I usually end up taping the broadcast so I can skip the stuff that annoys me.
To be honest, I can only watch so many dives before I nod off.
To be candid, after watching fifteen or so dives I am ready for a nap.
As you can probably tell, I am not a fanatic about sports.
As you have probably figured out, I am not a sports fanatic.
Is it possible that love of sports is a genetic variable?
I wonder whether there is a genetic marker for love of sports.
@Nanonet1
❇️ Idiom
♦️ to get about
1. To physically move around, especially after an illness or injury.
I'm getting about much better these days, now that I'm not on crutches anymore.
2. To spread among a number of people, as of news, rumors, etc.
When news of this tax scandal gets about, your career in politics will be finished!
3. To participate in social activities.
I haven't seen her in months—I suspect that depression has made her less apt to get about.
@Nanonet1
♦️ to get about
1. To physically move around, especially after an illness or injury.
I'm getting about much better these days, now that I'm not on crutches anymore.
2. To spread among a number of people, as of news, rumors, etc.
When news of this tax scandal gets about, your career in politics will be finished!
3. To participate in social activities.
I haven't seen her in months—I suspect that depression has made her less apt to get about.
@Nanonet1
❇️ Vocabulary
♦️ apt "adjective"
1- be apt to do something
تمایل داشتن به انجام کاری
to have a tendency to do something:
✅ Some of the employees are apt to arrive late on Mondays.
2- exactly right for a particular situation or purpose:
دقیقا همان چیزی که برای یک شرایط خاص نیاز است
✅ "Intensive" is an apt description of the two-week course.
3- quick to learn and understand:
در یاد گیری سریع و زیرک بودن
✅ Paul was obviously an apt pupil.
@Nanonet1
♦️ apt "adjective"
1- be apt to do something
تمایل داشتن به انجام کاری
to have a tendency to do something:
✅ Some of the employees are apt to arrive late on Mondays.
2- exactly right for a particular situation or purpose:
دقیقا همان چیزی که برای یک شرایط خاص نیاز است
✅ "Intensive" is an apt description of the two-week course.
3- quick to learn and understand:
در یاد گیری سریع و زیرک بودن
✅ Paul was obviously an apt pupil.
@Nanonet1
❇️ Phrasal verbs
♦️ 10 common phrasal verbs in spoken English
1. go on
در جریان بودن، ادامه دادن،
✅ What’s going on?
2. carry out
انجام دادن، تطبیق کردن
✅ They carried out the boss’s plan.
3. set up
شروع کردن، تنظیم کردن
✅ It is expensive to set up a new business.
4. pick up
سوار کردن، برداشتن
✅ Can you pick me up at the airport next Monday?
5. go back
دوباره رفتن
✅ When did Pierre go back to France?
6. come back
بازگشتن، باز آمدن
✅ What time will you come back?
7. go out
بیرون رفتن، برای رفتن برق نیز استفاده می شود
✅ The lights went out around ten.
8. point out
اشاره کردن به موضوعی، بیان کردن
✅ The teacher pointed out the most important pages.
9. find out
فهمیدن، دریافتن
✅ When did you find out about the accident?
10. come up
مطرح شدن
✅ His divorce did not come up in our conversation.
@Nanonet1
♦️ 10 common phrasal verbs in spoken English
1. go on
در جریان بودن، ادامه دادن،
✅ What’s going on?
2. carry out
انجام دادن، تطبیق کردن
✅ They carried out the boss’s plan.
3. set up
شروع کردن، تنظیم کردن
✅ It is expensive to set up a new business.
4. pick up
سوار کردن، برداشتن
✅ Can you pick me up at the airport next Monday?
5. go back
دوباره رفتن
✅ When did Pierre go back to France?
6. come back
بازگشتن، باز آمدن
✅ What time will you come back?
7. go out
بیرون رفتن، برای رفتن برق نیز استفاده می شود
✅ The lights went out around ten.
8. point out
اشاره کردن به موضوعی، بیان کردن
✅ The teacher pointed out the most important pages.
9. find out
فهمیدن، دریافتن
✅ When did you find out about the accident?
10. come up
مطرح شدن
✅ His divorce did not come up in our conversation.
@Nanonet1
❇️ Idiom
♦️ call a spade a spade
To address or describe the true nature of someone or something, even if it is unpleasant.
واقعیت چیزی را با وجود ناخوشایند بودن آن بیان کردن
✅ I know you like him, but he's not a honest person, I am sorry but I have to call a spade a spade.
✅ You have to call a spade a spade and acknowledge the corruption built into this system!
@Nanonet1
♦️ call a spade a spade
To address or describe the true nature of someone or something, even if it is unpleasant.
واقعیت چیزی را با وجود ناخوشایند بودن آن بیان کردن
✅ I know you like him, but he's not a honest person, I am sorry but I have to call a spade a spade.
✅ You have to call a spade a spade and acknowledge the corruption built into this system!
@Nanonet1
❇️ Phrasal verb
♦️ run off
1. To depart from someone or something by running.
از کسی یا چیزی دور شدن، با دویدن از کسی یا چیزی فاصله گرفتن
✅ Are you boys looking for Mike? He just ran off toward the creek.
2. To flee, escape, or depart without the intention of returning.
برای همشه رفتن، رفتن یا فرار کردن از جایی بدون قصد برگشت
✅ My dad ran off when I was just a baby, so I never met him.
✅ That prison has had three inmates run off just this month.
3. To veer off the course, road, or track on which someone or something is currently traveling.
منحرف شدن یک وسیله نقلیه از مسیر اصلی آن
✅ The car hit a patch of black ice and ran off the road into a ditch.
✅ The train took the turn too fast, running off the tracks and crashing into a farmhouse.
@Nanonet1
♦️ run off
1. To depart from someone or something by running.
از کسی یا چیزی دور شدن، با دویدن از کسی یا چیزی فاصله گرفتن
✅ Are you boys looking for Mike? He just ran off toward the creek.
2. To flee, escape, or depart without the intention of returning.
برای همشه رفتن، رفتن یا فرار کردن از جایی بدون قصد برگشت
✅ My dad ran off when I was just a baby, so I never met him.
✅ That prison has had three inmates run off just this month.
3. To veer off the course, road, or track on which someone or something is currently traveling.
منحرف شدن یک وسیله نقلیه از مسیر اصلی آن
✅ The car hit a patch of black ice and ran off the road into a ditch.
✅ The train took the turn too fast, running off the tracks and crashing into a farmhouse.
@Nanonet1
⭕️Conversation
⭕️مکالمه
✅Where were you yesterday?
دیروز کجا بودی؟
✅I was at home.
به خانه بودم
✅What did you do?
چه کار کردی؟
✅I watched TV
تلویزیون تماشا کردم
✅What did you watch?
چی تماشا کردی
✅I watched a documentary
مستندی را تماشا کردم
@Nanonet1
⭕️مکالمه
✅Where were you yesterday?
دیروز کجا بودی؟
✅I was at home.
به خانه بودم
✅What did you do?
چه کار کردی؟
✅I watched TV
تلویزیون تماشا کردم
✅What did you watch?
چی تماشا کردی
✅I watched a documentary
مستندی را تماشا کردم
@Nanonet1
⭕️ Conversation
⭕️مکالمه
✅What do you want to do in the afternoon?
بعد از چاشت می خواهی چه کار کنی؟
✅I want to go shopping
می خواهم خرید برم
✅What do you want to buy?
چی می خواهی بخری؟
✅I need a fridge
یخچالی ضرورت دارم
✅Who do you go with?
با کی میری؟
✅I go alone
تنها میرم
✅How do you go?
چطور میری؟
✅I go by my own car
با موتر خودم میرم
@Nanonet1
⭕️مکالمه
✅What do you want to do in the afternoon?
بعد از چاشت می خواهی چه کار کنی؟
✅I want to go shopping
می خواهم خرید برم
✅What do you want to buy?
چی می خواهی بخری؟
✅I need a fridge
یخچالی ضرورت دارم
✅Who do you go with?
با کی میری؟
✅I go alone
تنها میرم
✅How do you go?
چطور میری؟
✅I go by my own car
با موتر خودم میرم
@Nanonet1
⭕️Conversation
⭕️مکالمه
✅ Can you tell me where Ahmad is?
میشه به من بگی احمد کجاست؟
✅ He is in his office.
او به دفتر خود است.
✅Is he busy right now?
آیا او فعلا مصروف است؟
✅Yes, he is in a meeting.
بله او در جلسه است.
✅Can you call him?
میشه او را صدا کنید؟
✅No, I can not. We are not allowed to call him during meetings.
نه, نمی توانم. اجازه نداریم او را در جریان جلسه صدا کنیم.
@Nanonet1
⭕️مکالمه
✅ Can you tell me where Ahmad is?
میشه به من بگی احمد کجاست؟
✅ He is in his office.
او به دفتر خود است.
✅Is he busy right now?
آیا او فعلا مصروف است؟
✅Yes, he is in a meeting.
بله او در جلسه است.
✅Can you call him?
میشه او را صدا کنید؟
✅No, I can not. We are not allowed to call him during meetings.
نه, نمی توانم. اجازه نداریم او را در جریان جلسه صدا کنیم.
@Nanonet1
⭕️Conversation
⭕️مکالمه
✅Where are you going?
کجا میری؟
✅I am going to bazzar.
بازار میروم
✅What are you going to buy?
چی می خواهی بخری؟
✅I am going to buy a shirt for my nephew.
قصد دارم پیراهنی برای برادرزاده خود بخرم.
@Nanonet1
⭕️مکالمه
✅Where are you going?
کجا میری؟
✅I am going to bazzar.
بازار میروم
✅What are you going to buy?
چی می خواهی بخری؟
✅I am going to buy a shirt for my nephew.
قصد دارم پیراهنی برای برادرزاده خود بخرم.
@Nanonet1
❇️ Grammar
♦️ Can have / Could have
We can use 'could have' to talk about something somebody was capable of doing but didn't do.
✅ I could have gone to Oxford University but I preferred Harvard.
✅ She could have married him but she didn't want to.
✅ They could have bought a house here 20 years ago but chose not to.
👉 Often, there is a sense of criticism.
✅ You could have phoned me to let me know.
✅ They could have helped me instead of just sitting there.
✅ I could have done more to help you. Sorry.
👉 We can use 'couldn't have' to talk about something we were not capable of doing.
✅ I couldn't have managed without you.
✅ I couldn't have got the job. He was always going to appoint his nephew.
✅ I couldn't have enjoyed myself more. Thank you for a lovely day.
👉 We can use 'could have' to speculate about what has happened. (We can also use 'may have' or 'might have' in these situations.)
✅ She could have taken the earlier train.
✅ Simon could have told her.
✅ They could have overheard what we said.
👉 We can also use 'can have' to speculate about what has happened but only in questions and negative sentences and with words such as 'hardly', 'never' and 'only'.
✅ Can she have forgotten about our meeting?
✅ He can't have seen us.
✅ They can hardly have thought that I was not interested in the job.
👉 We can also use 'could have' to speculate about something that didn't happen.
✅ You could have broken your neck, jumping out the window like that.
✅ He could have hurt somebody, throwing a bottle out of the window like that.
✅ I could have done well in my exam if I'd worked harder.
👉 You can also use 'could have' to talk about possible present situations that have not happened.
✅ I could have been earning a lot as an accountant but the work was just too boring.
✅ He could have been Prime Minister now but he got involved in a big financial scandal.
✅ They could have been the market leaders now if they had taken his advice.
@Nanonet1
♦️ Can have / Could have
We can use 'could have' to talk about something somebody was capable of doing but didn't do.
✅ I could have gone to Oxford University but I preferred Harvard.
✅ She could have married him but she didn't want to.
✅ They could have bought a house here 20 years ago but chose not to.
👉 Often, there is a sense of criticism.
✅ You could have phoned me to let me know.
✅ They could have helped me instead of just sitting there.
✅ I could have done more to help you. Sorry.
👉 We can use 'couldn't have' to talk about something we were not capable of doing.
✅ I couldn't have managed without you.
✅ I couldn't have got the job. He was always going to appoint his nephew.
✅ I couldn't have enjoyed myself more. Thank you for a lovely day.
👉 We can use 'could have' to speculate about what has happened. (We can also use 'may have' or 'might have' in these situations.)
✅ She could have taken the earlier train.
✅ Simon could have told her.
✅ They could have overheard what we said.
👉 We can also use 'can have' to speculate about what has happened but only in questions and negative sentences and with words such as 'hardly', 'never' and 'only'.
✅ Can she have forgotten about our meeting?
✅ He can't have seen us.
✅ They can hardly have thought that I was not interested in the job.
👉 We can also use 'could have' to speculate about something that didn't happen.
✅ You could have broken your neck, jumping out the window like that.
✅ He could have hurt somebody, throwing a bottle out of the window like that.
✅ I could have done well in my exam if I'd worked harder.
👉 You can also use 'could have' to talk about possible present situations that have not happened.
✅ I could have been earning a lot as an accountant but the work was just too boring.
✅ He could have been Prime Minister now but he got involved in a big financial scandal.
✅ They could have been the market leaders now if they had taken his advice.
@Nanonet1
❇️ Idiom
♦️ crack the whip
مجبور کردن کسی یا گروهی به بیشتر کار کردن
👉 To push or urge someone (usually one's subordinate) to work harder
✅ The boss is nervous that we'll lose this account, so he's really started cracking the whip on us.
✅ Every so often I'll crack the whip to make sure we meet the deadline.
@Nanonet1
♦️ crack the whip
مجبور کردن کسی یا گروهی به بیشتر کار کردن
👉 To push or urge someone (usually one's subordinate) to work harder
✅ The boss is nervous that we'll lose this account, so he's really started cracking the whip on us.
✅ Every so often I'll crack the whip to make sure we meet the deadline.
@Nanonet1