Animal to Human Transplant (Xenotransplantation)

👉Recently, doctors transplanted a pig heart into a patient in a last-ditch effort to save his life in the US.

👉Xenotransplantation involves the transplantation of nonhuman tissues or organs into human recipients.

👉This is the first successful transplant of a pig’s heart into a human being. However, it’s too soon to know if the operation really will work.

👉This time, a heart from a pig that had undergone gene-editing has been used to remove a sugar in its cells that’s responsible for that hyper-fast organ rejection.

👉Prior attempts at such transplants or xenotransplantation have failed. One of the biggest obstacles to transplantation is organ rejection.

👉This has re-sparked a debate over the use of pigs for human transplants, which many animal rights groups oppose.

👉This development could bring us one step closer to solving the global organ shortage.

👉In India, patients need 25,000-30,000 liver transplants annually. But only about 1,500 end up receiving them.

👉Pigs are increasingly becoming popular candidates for organ transplantation.

👉Pigs offer advantages over primates for organ procurements, because they are easier to raise and achieve adult human size in six months.

👉Pig heart valves are routinely transplanted into humans, and some patients with diabetes have received porcine pancreas cells.

#importantTopics #CurrentAffairs2022 #Health #prelims2022 #UPSC #ScienceandTechnology

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Gaganyaan Mission

👉The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully conducted the qualification test of the Cryogenic Engine for the Gaganyaan programme for a duration of 720 seconds at ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu.

👉The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully conducted the qualification test of the Cryogenic Engine forGSLV Mk III, also called the LVM-3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3,) the three-stage heavy lift launch vehicle, will be used to launch Gaganyaan as it has the necessary payload capability.

👉Gaganyaan’s major missions like the test vehicle flight for the validation of crew escape system performance and first uncrewed mission of Gaganyaan (G1) are scheduled during the beginning of the second half of next year (2022).

👉This will be followed by the second uncrewed mission at the end of 2022 carrying ‘Vyommitra’, a spacefaring human robot developed by Isro, and finally the first crewed Gaganyaan mission in 2023.

👉Gaganyaan will involve numerous agencies, laboratories, disciplines, industries and departments.

👉One International Space Station (ISS) put up by multiple countries may not be enough. Regional ecosystems will be needed and Gaganyaan will focus on regional needs: food, water and energy security.


#prelims2022 #importantTopics #CurrentAffairs2022 #UPSC #ScienceandTechnology


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