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HISTORY OF IDEAS - Art
By looking back at the history of art, we can get a clearer sense of what the purpose of art should be in our lives.
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https://youtu.be/fla0MLmmdzQ
• Mind traps - thinking traps - تله های ذهنی
• Cognitive distortions are the ways that our mind convinces us of one thing when in reality it’s completely untrue. In 1976, psychologist Aaron Beck first proposed the theory behind cognitive distortions and in the 1980s, David Burns was responsible for popularizing it with common names and examples for the distortions.
1. All or Nothing Thinking (or Black and White Thinking):
Thinking only of possible outcomes at either extreme (really good or really bad) and not seeing all the possible outcomes in-between (or the “grey”). Most of life is somewhere in the middle.
Example: One friend gets angry at you » “Nobody likes me, I’m totally unlovable and selfish.”
2. Catastrophizing:
Imagining the worst-case scenario, no matter how unlikely in reality.
Example: Mom and Dad have a fight » “They are obviously going to get a divorce.”
3. Overestimating:
Exaggerating the likelihood that something bad will happen.
Example: “If I have another panic attack I’m going to have a heart attack and die!”
4. Fortune Telling:
Believing you can predict the future. But you can’t because you don’t have a crystal ball.
Example: “No one is going to talk to me at the party.”
5. Overgeneralizing:
Making sweeping judgments about ourselves (or others) based on only one or two experiences. These thoughts typically contain the words “always” and “never.” The problem: you can never be summed up in one word or base your value as a person on only one single experience!
Example: Missing one soccer goal » “I never get things right.”
6. Mind Reading:
Believing you know what others are thinking (and assuming it’s negative), without any real evidence. The problem: you can’t read minds, so stop trying.
Example: “I know she thinks my gift is lame.”
7. Negative Brain Filter:
Focusing only on the negative without seeing any of the positive or what is going well.
Example: Thinking about the question you couldn’t answer on the test, rather on the ones you could.
8. Labeling:
An extreme form of generalization, labeling occurs when you attach a negative label about yourself or someone else rather than acknowledge it was just a single event or mistake. Everyone makes mistakes and we’re way too complex to be described by one word.
Example: “I’m a failure” instead of “I failed that time”
• Mind traps - thinking traps - تله های ذهنی
• Cognitive distortions are the ways that our mind convinces us of one thing when in reality it’s completely untrue. In 1976, psychologist Aaron Beck first proposed the theory behind cognitive distortions and in the 1980s, David Burns was responsible for popularizing it with common names and examples for the distortions.
1. All or Nothing Thinking (or Black and White Thinking):
Thinking only of possible outcomes at either extreme (really good or really bad) and not seeing all the possible outcomes in-between (or the “grey”). Most of life is somewhere in the middle.
Example: One friend gets angry at you » “Nobody likes me, I’m totally unlovable and selfish.”
2. Catastrophizing:
Imagining the worst-case scenario, no matter how unlikely in reality.
Example: Mom and Dad have a fight » “They are obviously going to get a divorce.”
3. Overestimating:
Exaggerating the likelihood that something bad will happen.
Example: “If I have another panic attack I’m going to have a heart attack and die!”
4. Fortune Telling:
Believing you can predict the future. But you can’t because you don’t have a crystal ball.
Example: “No one is going to talk to me at the party.”
5. Overgeneralizing:
Making sweeping judgments about ourselves (or others) based on only one or two experiences. These thoughts typically contain the words “always” and “never.” The problem: you can never be summed up in one word or base your value as a person on only one single experience!
Example: Missing one soccer goal » “I never get things right.”
6. Mind Reading:
Believing you know what others are thinking (and assuming it’s negative), without any real evidence. The problem: you can’t read minds, so stop trying.
Example: “I know she thinks my gift is lame.”
7. Negative Brain Filter:
Focusing only on the negative without seeing any of the positive or what is going well.
Example: Thinking about the question you couldn’t answer on the test, rather on the ones you could.
8. Labeling:
An extreme form of generalization, labeling occurs when you attach a negative label about yourself or someone else rather than acknowledge it was just a single event or mistake. Everyone makes mistakes and we’re way too complex to be described by one word.
Example: “I’m a failure” instead of “I failed that time”
YouTube
10 Mind Traps That Distort The Way You Think
Mind traps or thinking traps - known in the field of psychology as cognitive distortions - are irrational, distorted, unhealthy thinking styles. Although quite common, unhealthy thinking errors can be hard to recognize - especially if you don’t know what…
9. Personalization:
Personalization is a distortion where you believe that everything others do or say is some kind of direct, personal reaction to something you’ve said or done. You end up taking everything personally when in reality it’s nothing to do with you. Additionally, you might also see yourself as the cause of some negative external event that happened even though you were definitely not responsible.
Example: “My boyfriend is upset, I must have done something wrong” when in reality he is just tired from work.
10. Should Statements:
This is when you have ironclad rules for how you, or others, should and shouldn’t behave. When our expectations fall short, we feel disappointed, frustrated, anxious, even angry with ourselves. You might think that these shoulds and shouldn’ts ‘rules’ are helping to motivate you but in reality they end up preventing you from taking meaningful steps towards improving your life, similar to black and white thinking earlier.
Example: “I shouldn’t eat any junk food again”
11. Emotional Reasoning:
One of the most common thinking traps we fall into is emotional reasoning: taking our emotions as evidence for the truth. When you use emotional reasoning, whatever you’re feeling at the time is believed to be true automatically and unconditionally, regardless of the evidence. This can be really harmful because it creates a loop: you think something negative, it makes you feel bad, so you think something negative, which makes you feel even worse – it’s dangerous, circular logic.
Example: If I feel stupid and boring, then I must be stupid and boring.
12. Control Fallacies:
This thinking trap involves two similar beliefs about being in complete control of pretty much everything in your life. The first type is called external control fallacy, where we see ourselves as victims of fate with no direct control over our lives. The second type of control fallacy, internal control, occurs when we assume we are completely responsible for the pain and happiness of everyone around us.
Example: “I can’t help that I was late, I slept through my alarm” or “Why are you unhappy? Is it something I did?”
13. Fallacy of Fairness:
If you suffer from the fallacy of fairness, you often feel resentful because you think that you know what is fair, and no one is abiding by it. It may sound obvious to say, but “life isn’t always fair.” People who go through life assessing whether something is ‘fair’ or not will often end up feeling resentful, angry, and unhappy because of it. Because life isn’t fair — things will not always work out in a person’s favor, even when they should and it’s something we all need to deal with.
Example: “Sarah got a promotion and I didn’t, that’s not fair!”
14. Always being right:
When someone falls into this trap, they tend to put other people on trial to prove that their own opinions and actions are the absolute correct ones. If you use this distortion, being wrong is unthinkable and you’ll go to any length to prove your right. Often being right can be more important than the feelings of other people, even close family and friends. If an oncoming car is in the wrong lane and about to hit you, do you stick to your guns and stay in your lane because you’re right and they’re wrong?
Example: “I’m right and you’re wrong Sandra just admit it!”
Personalization is a distortion where you believe that everything others do or say is some kind of direct, personal reaction to something you’ve said or done. You end up taking everything personally when in reality it’s nothing to do with you. Additionally, you might also see yourself as the cause of some negative external event that happened even though you were definitely not responsible.
Example: “My boyfriend is upset, I must have done something wrong” when in reality he is just tired from work.
10. Should Statements:
This is when you have ironclad rules for how you, or others, should and shouldn’t behave. When our expectations fall short, we feel disappointed, frustrated, anxious, even angry with ourselves. You might think that these shoulds and shouldn’ts ‘rules’ are helping to motivate you but in reality they end up preventing you from taking meaningful steps towards improving your life, similar to black and white thinking earlier.
Example: “I shouldn’t eat any junk food again”
11. Emotional Reasoning:
One of the most common thinking traps we fall into is emotional reasoning: taking our emotions as evidence for the truth. When you use emotional reasoning, whatever you’re feeling at the time is believed to be true automatically and unconditionally, regardless of the evidence. This can be really harmful because it creates a loop: you think something negative, it makes you feel bad, so you think something negative, which makes you feel even worse – it’s dangerous, circular logic.
Example: If I feel stupid and boring, then I must be stupid and boring.
12. Control Fallacies:
This thinking trap involves two similar beliefs about being in complete control of pretty much everything in your life. The first type is called external control fallacy, where we see ourselves as victims of fate with no direct control over our lives. The second type of control fallacy, internal control, occurs when we assume we are completely responsible for the pain and happiness of everyone around us.
Example: “I can’t help that I was late, I slept through my alarm” or “Why are you unhappy? Is it something I did?”
13. Fallacy of Fairness:
If you suffer from the fallacy of fairness, you often feel resentful because you think that you know what is fair, and no one is abiding by it. It may sound obvious to say, but “life isn’t always fair.” People who go through life assessing whether something is ‘fair’ or not will often end up feeling resentful, angry, and unhappy because of it. Because life isn’t fair — things will not always work out in a person’s favor, even when they should and it’s something we all need to deal with.
Example: “Sarah got a promotion and I didn’t, that’s not fair!”
14. Always being right:
When someone falls into this trap, they tend to put other people on trial to prove that their own opinions and actions are the absolute correct ones. If you use this distortion, being wrong is unthinkable and you’ll go to any length to prove your right. Often being right can be more important than the feelings of other people, even close family and friends. If an oncoming car is in the wrong lane and about to hit you, do you stick to your guns and stay in your lane because you’re right and they’re wrong?
Example: “I’m right and you’re wrong Sandra just admit it!”
https://youtu.be/5f-JlzBuUUU
• ریچارد داوکینز از خفن ترین دانشمند های تکامل ه. یه قسمتش خیلی جالب بود، از ریچارد داوکینز میپرسه که بنظرت تکامل بعدی قراره تو آدما اتفاق بیفته یا نه. داوکینز میگه که اگه تکامل اتفاق بیفته، تو جامعه ما باعث میشه که احتمالن اون فرد پولدار یا معروف بشه ولی باعث نمیشه که بچه های بیشتری داشته باشه پس اون تکامل موندگار نیست. بعد میگه که اگه تکامل بعدی ای بخواد باشه قرار نیس طبیعی باشه و احتمالن آرتیفیشیال هستش.
• ریچارد داوکینز از خفن ترین دانشمند های تکامل ه. یه قسمتش خیلی جالب بود، از ریچارد داوکینز میپرسه که بنظرت تکامل بعدی قراره تو آدما اتفاق بیفته یا نه. داوکینز میگه که اگه تکامل اتفاق بیفته، تو جامعه ما باعث میشه که احتمالن اون فرد پولدار یا معروف بشه ولی باعث نمیشه که بچه های بیشتری داشته باشه پس اون تکامل موندگار نیست. بعد میگه که اگه تکامل بعدی ای بخواد باشه قرار نیس طبیعی باشه و احتمالن آرتیفیشیال هستش.
YouTube
Richard Dawkins: Evolution, Intelligence, Simulation, and Memes | Lex Fridman Podcast #87
Richard Dawkins is an evolutionary biologist, and author of The Selfish Gene, The Blind Watchmaker, The God Delusion, The Magic of Reality, The Greatest Show on Earth, and his latest Outgrowing God. He is the originator and popularizer of a lot of fascinating…
https://www.ted.com/talks/anita_collins_how_playing_an_instrument_benefits_your_brain
• ادعا میکنه که بعد از دیدن میزان فعالیت مغز با FMRI، دیدن که نواختن یه آلت موسیقی با تقریب خوبی بیشتر مغز رو درگیر میکنه و باعث میشه که به مرور بیشتر تمرین داده بشن و قوی تر بشن. این حد از درگیری مغز تو یه اکتیویتی توسط بقیه اکتیویتی ها دیده نشده.
• برم گیتارم رو بردارم ببینم به جایی میرسم یا نه =))
• ادعا میکنه که بعد از دیدن میزان فعالیت مغز با FMRI، دیدن که نواختن یه آلت موسیقی با تقریب خوبی بیشتر مغز رو درگیر میکنه و باعث میشه که به مرور بیشتر تمرین داده بشن و قوی تر بشن. این حد از درگیری مغز تو یه اکتیویتی توسط بقیه اکتیویتی ها دیده نشده.
• برم گیتارم رو بردارم ببینم به جایی میرسم یا نه =))
Ted
How playing an instrument benefits your brain
When you listen to music, multiple areas of your brain become engaged and active. But when you actually play an instrument, that activity becomes more like a full-body brain workout. What's going on? Educator Anita Collins explains the fireworks that go off…
● اپیزود ۱۳ کتاب نارکونومیکس
• یه نگاه جالبی رو به کارتل های مواد مخدر میده. میاد مث بنگاه های تجاری نگاه می کنه بعد خیلی قابل هضم تر میشن یا مثلن رفتار هاشون قابل پیشبینی تر میشه. برای مثال میگه برای کاهش استفاده از مواد مخدر پلیس میاد موادی که از سازنده میسازه رو توقیف میکنه. بعد میگه این توقیف ها عرضه رو کم میکنه ولی چرا قیمت پس نمیره بالا؟
• یا مثلن توضیح میده که بخش pr کارتل های مواد مخدر خیلی مهمه. یا مثلن انتخاب کارمند جدید براشون چجوریه.(از طریق زندان ها)
• تو یه سری کشور ها کارتل ها کاری انسان دوستانه میکنن تا از رقیب های خودشون بهتر بنظر برسن یا کارشون قابل توجیه بشه.
• همدستی کارتل ها با هم بجای رقابتشون با هم نشون داده شده که از نظر اجتماعی بهتره و آمار قتل و خیلی از چیزا رو میاره پایین.
• راه های سنتی برای شکست مواد مخدر جوابگو نبود ولی برای مثال با قانون کردن گُل خیلی بهتر تونستن کنترلش کنن. برا همین خیلی ها هم تو فکر درست کردن مواد مخدر قانونی بودن و موفق هم شدن. این آقای matt bowden همینجوری میلیاردر شده.
• یه نگاه جالبی رو به کارتل های مواد مخدر میده. میاد مث بنگاه های تجاری نگاه می کنه بعد خیلی قابل هضم تر میشن یا مثلن رفتار هاشون قابل پیشبینی تر میشه. برای مثال میگه برای کاهش استفاده از مواد مخدر پلیس میاد موادی که از سازنده میسازه رو توقیف میکنه. بعد میگه این توقیف ها عرضه رو کم میکنه ولی چرا قیمت پس نمیره بالا؟
• یا مثلن توضیح میده که بخش pr کارتل های مواد مخدر خیلی مهمه. یا مثلن انتخاب کارمند جدید براشون چجوریه.(از طریق زندان ها)
• تو یه سری کشور ها کارتل ها کاری انسان دوستانه میکنن تا از رقیب های خودشون بهتر بنظر برسن یا کارشون قابل توجیه بشه.
• همدستی کارتل ها با هم بجای رقابتشون با هم نشون داده شده که از نظر اجتماعی بهتره و آمار قتل و خیلی از چیزا رو میاره پایین.
• راه های سنتی برای شکست مواد مخدر جوابگو نبود ولی برای مثال با قانون کردن گُل خیلی بهتر تونستن کنترلش کنن. برا همین خیلی ها هم تو فکر درست کردن مواد مخدر قانونی بودن و موفق هم شدن. این آقای matt bowden همینجوری میلیاردر شده.
https://youtu.be/J-FzHIQ7SOs
• درمورد AI و نورال نتورک صحبت میکنه و میگه که ایده ش از نورون های مغز میاد. بعد میگه که مدل های ماشین لرنینگ ای که الان دارم به این صورت هستند که برای هر کاری یه مدل خاصی بوجود میاریم. ولی این شبیه نورون های مغز نیست چون اونجا برای هزاران کار از نورون های تکراری استفاده میشه. بعد میگه که آینده بعدی ماشین لرنینگ قراره اینجوری باشه که:
۱. بجای مدل های جداگونه برای هرکاری => یک مدل کلی وجود داشته باشه
۲. همه جور ورودی ای همزمان بگیره (عکس و صدا و متن و ...)
۳. وقتی برای یه کار خاصی قراره استفاده بشه، از کل مدل و نورون ها استفاده نشه بلکه فقط از یه تیکه مدل استفاده بشه که به صرفه باشه.
• درمورد AI و نورال نتورک صحبت میکنه و میگه که ایده ش از نورون های مغز میاد. بعد میگه که مدل های ماشین لرنینگ ای که الان دارم به این صورت هستند که برای هر کاری یه مدل خاصی بوجود میاریم. ولی این شبیه نورون های مغز نیست چون اونجا برای هزاران کار از نورون های تکراری استفاده میشه. بعد میگه که آینده بعدی ماشین لرنینگ قراره اینجوری باشه که:
۱. بجای مدل های جداگونه برای هرکاری => یک مدل کلی وجود داشته باشه
۲. همه جور ورودی ای همزمان بگیره (عکس و صدا و متن و ...)
۳. وقتی برای یه کار خاصی قراره استفاده بشه، از کل مدل و نورون ها استفاده نشه بلکه فقط از یه تیکه مدل استفاده بشه که به صرفه باشه.
YouTube
Jeff Dean: AI isn't as smart as you think -- but it could be | TED
What is AI, really? Jeff Dean, the head of Google's AI efforts, explains the underlying technology that enables artificial intelligence to do all sorts of things, from understanding language to diagnosing disease -- and presents a roadmap for building better…
https://youtu.be/dr6nNvw55C4
• ما همه چی رو درمورد جهان بعد از زمان ۱۰ به توان -۱۳ میدونیم ولی قبل اون رو نمیدونیم. ما همچنین میدونیم که قوانین فیزیک از زمان ۱۰ به توان -۴۳ به قبل وجود نداشتن. بیگ بنگ باعث بوجود اومدن فضا زمان و منبسط شدنش میشه. ولی قبل بیگ بنگ چی بوده؟ ۳ تا ایده وجود داره که دنیا قبل بیگ بنگ چجوری بوده:
۱. همیشه به صورت فشرده وجود داشته مث یه تیرکمونی که بخواد رها شه.
۲. دایمنشن های بیشتری وجود داشته باشه و جهان های دیگه ای هم وجود داشته باشن که چون خارج از ۴ بعد ما هستن نمیتونیم باهاشون اینتراکشن داشته باشیم. بعد دنیا همیشه غوطه ور بوده تا اینکه با یه جهان دیگه برخورد میکنه و همون باعث میشه که شروع کنه به گرم شدن و منبسط شدن.(بیگ بنگ)
۳. جهان ها به این صورت وجود دارن که قسمتی از یک جهان میتونه کنده بشه و تبدیل بشه به یک جهان دیگه. و همین روند تا بینهایت ادامه پیدا میکنه، هر جهانی از یک جهان والد تشکیل میشه.
• ما همه چی رو درمورد جهان بعد از زمان ۱۰ به توان -۱۳ میدونیم ولی قبل اون رو نمیدونیم. ما همچنین میدونیم که قوانین فیزیک از زمان ۱۰ به توان -۴۳ به قبل وجود نداشتن. بیگ بنگ باعث بوجود اومدن فضا زمان و منبسط شدنش میشه. ولی قبل بیگ بنگ چی بوده؟ ۳ تا ایده وجود داره که دنیا قبل بیگ بنگ چجوری بوده:
۱. همیشه به صورت فشرده وجود داشته مث یه تیرکمونی که بخواد رها شه.
۲. دایمنشن های بیشتری وجود داشته باشه و جهان های دیگه ای هم وجود داشته باشن که چون خارج از ۴ بعد ما هستن نمیتونیم باهاشون اینتراکشن داشته باشیم. بعد دنیا همیشه غوطه ور بوده تا اینکه با یه جهان دیگه برخورد میکنه و همون باعث میشه که شروع کنه به گرم شدن و منبسط شدن.(بیگ بنگ)
۳. جهان ها به این صورت وجود دارن که قسمتی از یک جهان میتونه کنده بشه و تبدیل بشه به یک جهان دیگه. و همین روند تا بینهایت ادامه پیدا میکنه، هر جهانی از یک جهان والد تشکیل میشه.
YouTube
What happened before the Big Bang?
Understanding how the universe began has been a goal for scientists, philosophers, and theologians for millennia. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln describes the scientific view on this topic. He covers what we know, what we think, and what we may…