uremic frost
Crystallized urea deposits
Uremic frost is a rare skin condition associated with advanced kidney disease or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It occurs when high levels of urea and other waste products accumulate in the bloodstream due to kidney failure. These waste products are then excreted through sweat glands, and as the sweat evaporates, urea crystallizes on the skin, forming a white, powdery coating

یخ‌زدگی اورمیک یک بیماری پوستی نادر است که با بیماری پیشرفته کلیه یا بیماری کلیوی مرحله نهایی (ESRD) مرتبط است. این بیماری زمانی رخ می‌دهد که سطح بالایی از اوره و سایر مواد زائد به دلیل نارسایی کلیه در جریان خون تجمع می‌یابند. سپس این مواد زائد از طریق غدد عرق دفع می‌شوند و با تبخیر عرق، اوره روی پوست متبلور می‌شود و یک پوشش سفید و پودری تشکیل می‌دهد.

Bryant’s traction

Bryant’s traction is a type of orthopedic traction primarily used for pediatric patients with femur fractures or hip abnormalities. It involves suspending both of the child’s legs vertically at a 90-degree angle from the hips, with the knees slightly flexed. The patient’s body acts as counter-traction, helping to align the bones properly over time

کشش برایانت نوعی کشش ارتوپدی است که در درجه اول برای بیماران کودکان مبتلا به شکستگی استخوان ران یا ناهنجاری‌های مفصل ران استفاده می‌شود. این روش شامل آویزان کردن هر دو پای کودک به صورت عمودی با زاویه ۹۰ درجه از مفصل ران، در حالی که زانوها کمی خم شده‌اند، است. بدن بیمار به عنوان نیروی کشش متقابل عمل می‌کند و به هم‌ترازی صحیح استخوان‌ها در طول زمان کمک می‌کند.

erythema toxicum or baby acne

Newborn rash, commonly known as erythema toxicum or "baby acne", is common and harmless. It often appears as red spots or pimples on the face, particularly the forehead and chin. It typically resolves on its own within the first few weeks of life, and it's seen in around 30% of newborns. It does not require treatment and is not a cause for concern.

بثورات پوستی نوزاد که معمولاً با نام اریتم توکسیکوم یا "آکنه نوزاد" شناخته می‌شود، شایع و بی‌ضرر است. این بثورات اغلب به صورت لکه‌های قرمز یا جوش روی صورت، به ویژه پیشانی و چانه ظاهر می‌شوند. این بثورات معمولاً در چند هفته اول زندگی خود به خود برطرف می‌شوند و در حدود 30٪ از نوزادان دیده می‌شود. نیازی به درمان ندارد و جای نگرانی نیست.

plumbism
Plumbism, also known as lead poisoning, is a condition caused by excessive exposure to lead, a toxic heavy metal. It can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or prolonged contact with lead-containing substances such as old paint, contaminated water, soil, and certain industrial materials.

Symptoms:
Neurological issues: Memory problems, irritability, headaches.
Gastrointestinal distress: Abdominal pain, constipation.
Developmental delays (in children): Learning difficulties, behavioural changes.
Physical effects: Joint pain, muscle weakness, high blood pressure.
Severe cases: Seizures, coma, or even death.

Causes:
Exposure to lead-based paint (common in older homes).
Contaminated water (from lead pipes).
Occupational hazards (battery manufacturing, mining, welding).
Lead-contaminated food or consumer products3.

Treatment:
Chelation therapy: Medications that bind to lead and help remove it from the body.

Eliminating exposure: Removing lead sources from the environment.
Dietary support: Calcium, iron, and vitamin C can help reduce lead absorption.

Agnosia

Agnosia is a neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to process sensory information. People with agnosia may lose the ability to recognize objects, sounds, shapes, or smells, even though their sensory organs function normally. It is often linked to brain injuries or neurological illnesses, particularly damage to the occipitotemporal border, which is part of the ventral stream.

Types of Agnosia:
Visual Agnosia: Inability to recognize objects by sight.

Auditory Agnosia: Difficulty distinguishing sounds, including speech.

Tactile Agnosia: Trouble identifying objects by touch.

Anosognosia: Lack of awareness of one's own condition.

Prosopagnosia: Inability to recognize faces.

Causes:
Stroke

Brain injury

Neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s)

Tumors affecting sensory processing areas

Treatment:
Neurological rehabilitation

Cognitive therapy

Speech and occupational therapy

Managing underlying conditions

#SOLER is an acronym used to remember the key components of active listening in #therapeutic #communication:

S – Sit squarely facing the client
O – Open posture (uncrossed arms and legs)
L – Lean slightly toward the client
E – Eye contact maintained appropriately
R – Relax and remain attentive

SOLER مخففی است که برای یادآوری اجزای کلیدی گوش دادن فعال در ارتباط درمانی استفاده می‌شود:

S – صاف رو به مراجع بنشینید
O – حالت بدن باز (دست‌ها و پاها بدون ضربدری)
L – کمی به سمت مراجع خم شوید
E – تماس چشمی مناسب برقرار شود
R – آرام باشید و توجه خود را حفظ کنید