Time-sensitive #medications are a top #priority during morning medication rounds.

Diabetic patients often require insulin or oral hypoglycemics before meals.

Patients with Parkinson’s disease must receive their medications on time to prevent deterioration in motor function and maintain therapeutic levels.

داروهای حساس به زمان در طول دوره های دارویی صبحگاهی در اولویت هستند.

بیماران دیابتی اغلب به انسولین یا داروهای هیپوگلیسمی خوراکی قبل از غذا نیاز دارند.

بیماران مبتلا به بیماری پارکینسون برای جلوگیری از بدتر شدن عملکرد حرکتی و حفظ سطوح درمانی باید داروهای خود را به موقع دریافت کنند.

self-administration level (SAM Level)

🔹Level 1: Nurse Administers, Patient Involved
Who is responsible?
The nurse/registrant is fully responsible for storing and administering medication.

What does the patient do?
The patient may participate by learning about their medications, but does not physically handle or take them independently.

Purpose:
To educate and involve the patient gradually while ensuring safety.

🔹 Level 2: Patient Self-Administers with Supervision
Who is responsible?
The nurse/registrant is responsible for safe storage and supervision during administration.

What does the patient do?
The patient takes the medication themselves (e.g., from a blister pack or bottle), but only under nurse supervision.
Purpose:
To build the patient's confidence and autonomy while still ensuring safety and compliance.

🔹 Level 3: Independent Self-Administration
Who is responsible?
The patient is fully responsible for storing (in their own locked drawer or cupboard) and administering their own medication.

What does the patient do?
They store, manage, and take all medications independently without direct nurse supervision.

Purpose:
Suitable for patients who are competent, safe, and capable — especially in preparation for discharge.

📌 Important Notes:
Patients are assessed by a nurse or pharmacist before being assigned a level.
The level can change at any time if the patient's condition or capability changes.
Documentation and ongoing review are required at all levels.
#medication

MARS (Medication Administration Record Sheet)
MARS (برگه سوابق تجویز دارو)
#medication

#UK #Drug #Classification

Common side effects of oral #corticosteroids

Common mood-related side effects include:

Mood swings
Euphoria
Irritability
Anxiety
Insomnia
Even psychosis in rare cases

#WHO #Analgesic #Ladder (3-Step Model)
Key Terms:
Non-opioid: Basic analgesics (e.g., paracetamol, NSAIDs).
Weak opioid: Lower potency opioids (e.g., codeine, tramadol).
Strong opioid: High potency opioids (e.g., morphine).
Adjuvant: Co-analgesics for neuropathic pain or symptom control (e.g., antidepressants, anticonvulsants, steroids).

📌 Principles of the WHO Ladder:
By the mouth – Use oral medications whenever possible.
By the clock – Give at regular intervals (not PRN) to maintain pain control.
By the ladder – Start at the step that matches the patient's pain severity.
Tailor to the individual – Adjust for effectiveness and side effects.
Monitor and reassess – Pain control should be evaluated regularly.

When to use adjuvants:
Neuropathic pain (e.g., gabapentin, amitriptyline)
Bone pain (e.g., NSAIDs, bisphosphonates)
Inflammation (e.g., corticosteroids)

Bristol #Stool Chart (Types 1–7)

Clinical Use:
Types 1–2 suggest constipation.
Types 3–4 are normal and ideal.
Types 5–7 suggest urgency or diarrhea, with Type 7 being the most severe.

The current evidence and clinical guidelines, such as those from the Royal Marsden Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures, state that routine disinfection of the skin with an alcohol swab prior to subcutaneous injection (e.g., low molecular weight heparin like enoxaparin) is not necessary if the skin is visibly clean and intact.

شواهد فعلی و دستورالعمل‌های بالینی، مانند دستورالعمل‌های رویال مارسدن راهنمای رویه‌های پرستاری بالینی، بیان می‌کنند که ضدعفونی معمول پوست با سواب الکلی قبل از تزریق زیر جلدی (مثلاً هپارین با وزن مولکولی کم مانند انوکساپارین) در صورتی که پوست به وضوح تمیز و دست نخورده باشد، ضروری نیست.
#subcutaneous #injection
#enoxaparin

ساده بگم برای تزریق انوگزا، نیاز نیست پوست را ضدعفونی کنید

alimentary absorption
جذب گوارشی
alimentary
[adjective]
Synonyms: nutritive, alimentative, nutritional

IV injection needs to be reconsidered when...?"
این به این معنی است که: در چه شرایطی ممکن است تجویز دارو از طریق وریدی (IV) ضروری نباشد و احتمالاً باید به شکل دیگری مانند قرص روی آوریم؟