38. What would be your main objectives in providing stoma education when preparing a patient with a stoma for discharge home?
Anonymous Quiz
64%
A. That the patient can independently manage their stoma, and can get supplies.
18%
B. That the patient has had their appliance changed regularly and knows their community stoma nurse
9%
C. That the patient knows the community stoma nurse, and has a prescription.
9%
D. That the patient has a referral to the District Nurses for stoma care
39. What type of diet would you recommend to your patient who has a newly formed stoma?
Anonymous Quiz
28%
A. Encourage high-fibre foods to avoid constipation.
0%
B. Encourage lots of vegetables and fruit to avoid constipation.
22%
C. Encourage a varied diet as people can react differently.
50%
D. Avoid spicy foods because they can cause erratic function.
Takaloo Nursing Academy
The NMC (Nursing and Midwifery Council) and many NHS Trusts classify self-administration of medicines into three levels — Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 — based on the patient’s ability and the nurse’s responsibility
The NMC (Nursing and Midwifery Council) and many NHS Trusts classify self-administration of medicines into three levels — Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 — based on the patient’s ability and the nurse’s responsibility.
Here’s a clear breakdown:
🔵 Level 1 – Nurse Administers Medication
The nurse is fully responsible for the safe storage, preparation, and administration of all medication.
The patient is not involved in administering their own medicines.
Common for newly admitted, confused, or very unwell patients.
🔹 Key point: Full nurse control.
🔵 Level 2 – Supervised Self-Administration
The patient administers their own medicines but under the direct supervision of a registered nurse.
The nurse is responsible for storage (e.g., in a locked cabinet).
At the time of administration, the nurse unlocks the storage, and the patient self-administers the medication with the nurse watching or assisting if needed.
🔹 Key point: Shared responsibility. The nurse supervises, but the patient actively participates.
🔵 Level 3 – Independent Self-Administration
The patient is fully responsible for storing and taking their medication independently.
The nurse ensures that the patient is assessed as competent to handle their own medications safely.
The patient is given full control, but is monitored occasionally for compliance and safety.
🔹 Key point: Patient has full independence with oversight.
Here’s a clear breakdown:
🔵 Level 1 – Nurse Administers Medication
The nurse is fully responsible for the safe storage, preparation, and administration of all medication.
The patient is not involved in administering their own medicines.
Common for newly admitted, confused, or very unwell patients.
🔹 Key point: Full nurse control.
🔵 Level 2 – Supervised Self-Administration
The patient administers their own medicines but under the direct supervision of a registered nurse.
The nurse is responsible for storage (e.g., in a locked cabinet).
At the time of administration, the nurse unlocks the storage, and the patient self-administers the medication with the nurse watching or assisting if needed.
🔹 Key point: Shared responsibility. The nurse supervises, but the patient actively participates.
🔵 Level 3 – Independent Self-Administration
The patient is fully responsible for storing and taking their medication independently.
The nurse ensures that the patient is assessed as competent to handle their own medications safely.
The patient is given full control, but is monitored occasionally for compliance and safety.
🔹 Key point: Patient has full independence with oversight.
🧭 Types of #Advocacy in Health & Social Care (UK – NHS/NMC/Care Act)
🔹 1. Independent Advocacy
Supports individuals to express their views, secure rights, and make informed decisions.
Completely independent of health or social care services.
Used by those with difficulty communicating or navigating services.
🔹 2. IMCA (Independent Mental Capacity Advocate)
For those lacking capacity (Mental Capacity Act 2005).
No friends or family available to represent them.
Required for decisions on:
Serious medical treatment
Long-term accommodation changes
Ensures the person's views and rights are represented.
🔹 3. IMHA (Independent Mental Health Advocate)
For individuals detained under the Mental Health Act 1983.
Helps them:
Understand their rights
Appeal decisions
Be involved in care/treatment planning
Can access records and attend care plan meetings.
🔹 4. Care Act Advocacy
For people struggling to understand or engage in social care processes (Care Act 2014).
Must be provided if:
Person has substantial difficulty engaging
No appropriate person to support them
Applies in:
Needs assessments
Care planning
Safeguarding processes
🔹 5. Self-Advocacy
The person speaks up for themselves.
May need training, tools, or support.
Encourages confidence and independence.
🔹 6. Peer Advocacy
Advocacy by someone with similar lived experience.
Often seen in mental health, addiction recovery, or disability services.
Builds trust and relatable support.
✅ Quick Tip (NMC/NHS context):
Advocacy means “taking action to help people say what they want, secure their rights, represent their interests, and obtain the services they need.”
🔹 1. Independent Advocacy
Supports individuals to express their views, secure rights, and make informed decisions.
Completely independent of health or social care services.
Used by those with difficulty communicating or navigating services.
🔹 2. IMCA (Independent Mental Capacity Advocate)
For those lacking capacity (Mental Capacity Act 2005).
No friends or family available to represent them.
Required for decisions on:
Serious medical treatment
Long-term accommodation changes
Ensures the person's views and rights are represented.
🔹 3. IMHA (Independent Mental Health Advocate)
For individuals detained under the Mental Health Act 1983.
Helps them:
Understand their rights
Appeal decisions
Be involved in care/treatment planning
Can access records and attend care plan meetings.
🔹 4. Care Act Advocacy
For people struggling to understand or engage in social care processes (Care Act 2014).
Must be provided if:
Person has substantial difficulty engaging
No appropriate person to support them
Applies in:
Needs assessments
Care planning
Safeguarding processes
🔹 5. Self-Advocacy
The person speaks up for themselves.
May need training, tools, or support.
Encourages confidence and independence.
🔹 6. Peer Advocacy
Advocacy by someone with similar lived experience.
Often seen in mental health, addiction recovery, or disability services.
Builds trust and relatable support.
✅ Quick Tip (NMC/NHS context):
Advocacy means “taking action to help people say what they want, secure their rights, represent their interests, and obtain the services they need.”
Takaloo Nursing Academy
quick and easy NHS/RCN Waste Disposal Cheat Sheet for Nurses
🟡 Offensive/Hygiene Waste
✅ Non-infectious but potentially offensive
🗑 Yellow/black "tiger" stripe bags
Examples:
Incontinence pads
Stoma bags
Catheter bags
Non-infectious wound dressings
Gloves, masks (not from infectious cases)
🔴 Infectious Waste
✅ Contaminated with blood/body fluids
🗑 Orange bags/containers
Examples:
Used wound dressings (infectious)
Items from patients with known infections
Swabs, PPE from isolation rooms
⚠️ Cytotoxic/Cytostatic Waste
✅ Toxic or cancer-treatment-related
🗑 Purple-lidded sharps bins / containers
Examples:
Chemotherapy drugs
Hormonal treatments
Used items exposed to cytotoxic agents
PPE used while handling cytotoxic drugs
🟠 Clinical Sharps Waste
✅ Needles and sharp instruments
🗑 Yellow-lidded sharps bins
Examples:
Needles, syringes
Scalpels
IV cannulas
🟣 Pharmaceutical Waste
✅ Unused or expired medicines
🗑 Blue-lidded bins/containers
Examples:
Tablets, vials
Liquids
Creams (unused or expired)
🔵 Domestic Waste
✅ Non-contaminated general waste
🗑 Black bags
Examples:
Paper towels
Packaging
Clean gloves or aprons (not used)
✅ Non-infectious but potentially offensive
🗑 Yellow/black "tiger" stripe bags
Examples:
Incontinence pads
Stoma bags
Catheter bags
Non-infectious wound dressings
Gloves, masks (not from infectious cases)
🔴 Infectious Waste
✅ Contaminated with blood/body fluids
🗑 Orange bags/containers
Examples:
Used wound dressings (infectious)
Items from patients with known infections
Swabs, PPE from isolation rooms
⚠️ Cytotoxic/Cytostatic Waste
✅ Toxic or cancer-treatment-related
🗑 Purple-lidded sharps bins / containers
Examples:
Chemotherapy drugs
Hormonal treatments
Used items exposed to cytotoxic agents
PPE used while handling cytotoxic drugs
🟠 Clinical Sharps Waste
✅ Needles and sharp instruments
🗑 Yellow-lidded sharps bins
Examples:
Needles, syringes
Scalpels
IV cannulas
🟣 Pharmaceutical Waste
✅ Unused or expired medicines
🗑 Blue-lidded bins/containers
Examples:
Tablets, vials
Liquids
Creams (unused or expired)
🔵 Domestic Waste
✅ Non-contaminated general waste
🗑 Black bags
Examples:
Paper towels
Packaging
Clean gloves or aprons (not used)