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Glossary chapter
Nitin Sangwan Second Edition
Shorts: Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb is a term used to describe the rich cultural and social harmony between Hindus and Muslims in India. It reflects the blending of traditions, practices, and values from both communities, emphasizing tolerance, mutual respect, and shared heritage. The term symbolizes the idea that both communities have lived together peacefully for centuries, influencing each other’s customs, music, art, and even cuisine.
2025 may feel like a time of social transition, where the hegemonic order is dissolving, and a new one has yet to solidify. Five key sociological trends to watch include:
Conspiracy narratives gaining momentum in democracies like India and the US, where a growing segment of the population feels society is on the brink of collapse due to shadow power structures and elite cabals.
Communalism resurging in India as not just a mythical construct but a sociopolitical reality, destabilizing social cohesion and fostering sectarian ideologies.
A crisis of social knowledge, where our understanding of economic structures and social systems is increasingly challenged, with epistemic uncertainty arising from past shocks like the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.
The rise of revisionist states like Russia and China, where the struggle for global power dynamics leads to geopolitical tensions and an increased likelihood of conflict.
The continued flourishing of technological creativity, especially within the digital and cultural economies, where innovations in AI and other fields present new forms of social capital and potential for societal change.
In this period of social flux, the dominant narratives are evolving, but creativity, innovation, and the reimagination of societal structures provide hope amidst uncertainty. By Pratap Banu
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Corporate Culture and Work Ethics
Context: The debate over long working hours (70-90 hours) in corporate settings, as discussed by the L&T MD, raises concerns about work-life balance and the fairness of such expectations, especially considering the unpaid domestic labor women perform.

Sociological Concepts:

Corporate Culture: The expectation of long hours in high-paying jobs is part of the "greedy" job model, where individuals are required to work beyond regular hours to climb the corporate ladder. This reinforces the capitalist model where labor is exploited for profit.
Alienation: Drawing from Marx’s theory, the overwork culture in corporates leads to worker alienation, where workers become disconnected from the product of their labor and from their personal lives.
Meritocracy and Gender Disparities: The article critiques the idea that longer working hours necessarily lead to better productivity. The meritocratic model, which rewards individuals based on their work, often ignores the structural inequalities that exist in unpaid domestic labor, thereby perpetuating gender inequality.
Key Issues:

"Greedy" Jobs: The phenomenon of "greedy" jobs exacerbates social inequality by favoring men who can commit to long hours, while women are often confined to roles that offer less time commitment but lower pay and progression.
Reinforcement of Class and Gender Inequality: The rise in managerial salaries, as noted in the L&T report, contrasts with the stagnation of worker wages, further deepening the class divide.
Cultural Shift in Work Ethic: The contrast between the traditional Indian work ethic, based on hard work and selfless devotion (Karma Yog), and the "vacation culture" adopted from the West is part of a larger debate about work-life balance in modern society.