❇️ Grammar

♦️ Noun Phrase

A noun phrase is either a single noun or pronoun or a group of words containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.
Examples:

✅ All the kids were sleeping.

✅ The boy in the blue jeans says he'll do it.

✅ He bought her a beautiful red dress.

✅ Mom baked tasty chocolate cookies.

✅ Julia was thinking about her friends back home.

✅ Will you talk with these rude people?

✅ You are a true hero.

✅ My dog is my best friend.

@Nanonet1

❇️ Grammar

♦️ Use of “wish”

👉 Let's start off with the easy part. ' I wish to' can mean the same as 'I want to' but it is much, much more formal and much, much less common.
👈 ساختار I wish+ to+ verb به معنی خواستن است و معنی آن مثل I want to می باشد.

✅ I wish to make a complaint.
✅ I wish to see the manager.

👉 You can also use 'wish' with a noun to 'offer good wishes'.
هم چنان wish را می توانید همراه با اسم ها نیز استفاده کنید.

✅ I wish you all the best in your new job.
✅ We wish you a merry Christmas.

👉 Notice that when you want to offer good wishes using a verb, you must use 'hope ' and not 'wish'.
به یاد داشته باشید که زمانیکه بخواهیم برای کسی با استفاده از یک فعل چیزی آرزو کنیم، باید hope را استفاده کنیم، نه wish.

✅ We wish you the best of luck.
✅ We hope you have the best of luck.
✅ I wish you a safe and pleasant journey.
✅ I hope you have a safe and pleasant journey.

👉 However, the main use of 'wish' is to say that we would like things to be different from what they are, that we have regrets about the present situation.
معمول ترین استفاده wish برای این است که بگوئیم می خواهیم چیزی متفاوت از حالت فعلی خود باشد. در این حالت همراه با wish از فعل گذشته استفاده می شود ولی معنی آن در حال است.
✅ I wish I was rich.
✅ He wishes he lived in Paris.

@Nanonet1

❇️ Different styles of communication

♦️ Assertive Communication
The assertive style is believed to be the most effective and healthiest style of communication. It is the way humans express themselves naturally, when their self - esteem gives them the confidence to communicate without using manipulation and games. When we use an assertive style of communication, our objective is to work out mutually satisfying solutions and as such, we communicate our needs clearly and in a forthright manner. In this case, we know our limits and reject any attempts to be pushed beyond, just because others want something else from us. However, it is surprising to note that assertive style is the least used style of communication.

♦️ Aggressive Communication
The aggressive style of communication always involves manipulation techniques. Aggressive communication intends to manipulate people into making them do what we want, by using tactics such as, inducing guilt (hurt), intimidation and controlling the other person (by showing anger). This style of communication may be covert or overt, though the intention is always to get our needs met. There are a few arenas where aggressive behavior is demanded, including sports and war. However, aggressive communication doesn't work in a relationship for a long time. Interestingly enough, aggressive sports also rely heavily on team coordination and rational coaching strategies.

♦️ Passive Communication
The passive style of communication is based on compliance and is aimed to avoid confrontation at any cost. In the passive communication mode, the communicator talks very less, questions even less and actually does very little. Passive communicators just don't want to rock the boat for the fear of having to sail through rough waters. They believe that it is rather safe not to react and better to disappear from the scene than to stand up and get noticed. They hate being involved in a war of words or a heated argument.

♦️ Passive - Aggressive Communication
The passive - aggressive communication style involves a lot of strategizing and intends to avoid direct confrontation. Passive - aggressive communicators believe in getting their way through manipulation (aggressive). This style is rather sneaky and devious, where the intention is to make the other person suffer without any direct attack. It includes politics and rumor - mongering. Passive - aggressive communicators are self enhancing, though they are not very straight forward about it. Though such people may appear honest, the underlying comments are sure to confuse the people around. This style is definitely not considered one of the best ways to communicate.

@Nanonet1

❇️ Idiom

♦️ Buckle down
سخت تلاش کردن برای انجام کاری

👉 If you buckle down, you apply yourself with determination to hard work and give it hour full attention.

Example:
✅ If you want to pass your exams, you'll have to buckle down and do some serious work.

@Nanonet1

❇️ Idiom

♦️ fly off the handle

👉 A person who flies off the handle becomes suddenly very angry.
به صورت ناگهانی خیلی عصبانی شدن

Example:
✅ Dad flew off the handle when I told him I had damaged his new car.
وقتی به پدرم گفتم که به موتر جدیدش صدمه زدم، او خیلی عصبانی شد.

✅ He flew off the handle during the debate last night.
او دیشب در جریان مناظره عصبی شد.

@Nanonet1

اطلاعیه!

فردا پنج شنبه به علت سفر رییس جمهور به هرات و مسدود بودن مسیر های منتهی به موسسه آموزشی نانونت، این موسسه تعطیل می باشد. دروس از روز شنبه دوباره آغاز می گردد.
دانش آموزان عزیز مطلع باشند.

موسسه آموزشی نانونت

❇️ Interpersonal communication skills

♦️ Listen Up!
You may have a million - dollar look and mouth a million worth words, but if you do not have ears for your audience, then your soft skills are pretty much a bummer. Remember, effective communication begins with effective listening and one of the best ways to make the most of it is to belt up and listen. Listening is deemed as one of the crucial parameters of all interpersonal dealings. Not only does it leave you with a fair idea of others' feelings, views, opinions and ideas, it also encourages others to revert to you with concentrated attention and zeal.

♦️ Get A Grip!
You may possess the daintiest of demeanors and may be the suavest of talkers, but if you cannot connect to your audience and appreciate their views, you are definitely on the losing end. One of the most endearing traits of successful interpersonal skills is deference. If you cannot respect others and make them feel comfortable, you will be deemed as a schmuck who blows out lots of smoke. The cue is to pay attention to people and make them feel worthy.

♦️ Mind Your Body Language!
Your body blurts out oodles about you, so you better mind what it says! Body language is one of the crucial parameters of non - verbal communication and an effective instrument of interpersonal communication. Imagine being turned off a job or a deal just because your body language did not respond convincingly or worse did not back your words! So, you better buck up your tone, posture and gesture to convey the right message.

♦️ Be On The Ball
Handing criticisms is an impressive quality, but can be easier said than done! It is easy to bump into people with different opinions and ideas. But, that doesn't really have to bog you down. Remember, criticisms can be constructive too. Just take criticisms with a pinch of salt. Who knows it may be aimed at your betterment! The mantra is to adapt to the situation and learn to toy the dynamics of the conversation. Also, while handing out criticisms, make sure you do it tactfully, without offending anybody's sentiments. In all cases, stay calm and preserve your dignity.

♦️ Stop Being A Pushover
While it is good to be perceived as a nice guy, understand that being treated like a pushover at the expense of your career, confidence and interpersonal relationships is not worth it! Stop being a walkover and assert your worth by learning to say 'no' and expressing yourself ardently. Remember, you may have the skills and abilities, but if you cannot stitch a few words to assert your worth and make yourself appear valuable, then your deeds and feats are useless. Asserting is a sign of the winner! So, roll your tongue and speak out your worth.

@Nanonet1

❇️ Grammar

♦️ Using “Could”
'Could' can be used to talk about the past, the present or the future.
شما می توانید could برای صحبت کردن در مورد گذشته، حال و آینده استفاده کنید.
👉 Could' is a past form of 'can'

✅ When I was living in Boston, I could walk to work.

✅ He phoned to say he couldn't come.

✅ I could see him clearly but I couldn't hear him and then the videoconference line went dead.

♦️ Could' is used to make polite requests. We can also use 'can' for these but 'could' is more polite.
برای درخواست های مودبانه نیز می توانید از could استفاده کنید.

✅ Could you help me, please?
✅ Could you lend me some money?
✅ Could I have a lift?
✅ Could I bother you for a moment?

👉 If we use 'could' in reply to these requests, it suggests that we do not really want to do it. If you agree to the request, it is better to say 'can'.
اگر در جواب به درخواست نیز از could استفاده کردید، به این معنی است که تمایل کمی به آن کار دارم. بهتر است در جواب از can استفاده شود.

✅ Of course I can.
✅ I could help you if it's really necessary but I'm really busy right now.
✅ I could lend you some money but I'd need it back tomorrow without fail.

♦️ Could' is used to talk about theoretical possibility and is similar in meaning to 'might'.
برای نشان دادن امکان نیز استفاده می شود.

✅ It could rain later. Take an umbrella.
✅ He could be there by now.
✅ Could he be any happier?
✅ It could be Sarah's.

@Nanonet1
 

❇️ Vocabulary

dare (verb)
این واژه به معنی جرات کردن است و در حالات مختلف قابل استفاده می باشد.

♦️ to try to persuade someone to do something dangerous or embarrassing as a way of proving that they are brave
کسی را به انجام کار خطرناکی تشویق کردن
👉 dare somebody to do something

✅ The other kids dared me to hit her with a snowball.

✅ How could you dare him to lie to his father?
♦️ a word meaning to be brave enough to do something risky, used especially in questions and negative statements
همچنان از لغت dare به معنی شجاعت داشتن برای انجام کاری نیز استفاده می شود.
👉 dare (to) do somethin
✅ Who would dare to challenge him?

✅ I didn't dare go home any later.

SPOKEN PHRASES
عبارت هایی که همراه با dare در گفتار استفاده می شود،

♦️ don't you dare! said to warn someone not to do something because it makes you angry:
این اصطلاح برای اخطار دادن استفاده می شود.

✅ Don't you dare hang up on me again!

♦️ how dare you said to show that you are very angry and shocked about what someone has done or said:
برای بیان عصبانیت به خاطر کاری که کسی انجام داده است استفاده می‌شود.

✅ How dare you make fun of me like that!

@Nanonet1

علاقه مندان جهت معلومات بیشتر می‌توانند به اداره مؤسسه علمی نانونت به تماس شوند.
👇
0797161008

❇️ Causative Verbs in English: Let, Make, Have, Get, Help
افعال سببی

♦️ The English verbs let, make, have, get, and help are called causative verbs because they cause something else to happen.
افعال let, make, have, get و help را در زبان انگلیسی تحت نام افعال سببی می شناسیم. این افعال برای نشان اینکه شما باعث می شوید کسی کاری را برای شما انجام دهد استفاده می شوند.
Here are some specific examples of how causative verbs work in English sentences.
How to use causative verbs in English
شیوه ی استفاده از افعال سببی در زبان انگلیسی
🛑 LET = permit something to happen
فعل سببی let برای اجازه دادن کسی به انجام کاری استفاده می شود. به خاطر بسپارید که هیچگاه فعلی که بعد از let می آید در حال to+ verb نمی تواند باشد.
Grammatical structure:
• LET + PERSON/THING + VERB (base form)
Examples:
✅ I don’t let my kids watch violent movies.
✅ Mary’s father won’t let her adopt a puppy because he’s allergic to dogs.
✅ Our boss doesn’t let us eat lunch at our desks; we have to eat in the cafeteria.

👉 Remember: The past tense of let is also let; there is no change!
شکل گذشته let تغیر نمی کند.
Note: The verbs allow and permit are more formal ways to say “let.” However, with allow and permit, we use to + verb:
افعال allow و permit شکل رسمی تری نسبت به let را دارا می باشند و به همان معنی استفاده می شوند. بعد از فعل های allow و permit ساختار to+verb استفاده می شود.
✅ I don’t allow my kids to watch violent movies.
✅ Our boss doesn’t permit us to eat lunch at our desks.

🛑 MAKE = force or require someone to take an action
فعل سببی make به معنی مجبور کردن می باشد. بعد از این فعل شما نمی توانید از ساختار to+verb کنید.
Grammatical structure:
• MAKE + PERSON + VERB (base form)
Examples:
✅ After Ali broke the neighbor’s window, his parents made him pay for it.
✅ The teacher made all the students rewrite their papers, because the first drafts were not acceptable.
✅ You shouldn't make him do your homework.

🛑 HAVE = give someone else the responsibility to do something
فعل سببی have به معنی مسئولیت دادن می باشد. این فعل نیز همراه با فعل اصلی بدون to استفاده می شود.
Grammatical structure:
• HAVE + PERSON + VERB (base form)
Examples
✅ I’ll have my assistant call you to reschedule the appointment.
✅ The businessman had his secretary make copies of the report.

🛑 GET = convince/encourage someone to do something
فعل سببی get به معنی تشویق کردن و یا قانع کردن شخصی به انجام کاری می باشد. این فعل سببی همراه با ساختار to+verb استفاده می شود.
Grammatical structure:
• GET + PERSON + TO + VERB
Examples:
✅ How can we get all the employees to arrive on time?
✅ My husband hates housework; I can never get him to wash the dishes!
✅ I was nervous about eating sushi, but my brother got me to try it at a Japanese restaurant.

🛑 HELP = assist someone in doing something
فعل سببی help به معنی کمک کردن می باشد. این فعل در هر دو حالت همراه با to و بدون to می تواند استفاده شود.
Grammatical structure:
• HELP + PERSON + VERB (base form)
• HELP + PERSON + TO + VERB

After “help,” you can use “to” or not – both ways are correct. In general, the form without “to” is more common:
✅ He helped me carry the boxes.
✅ He helped me to carry the boxes.
✅ Reading before bed helps me relax.
✅ Reading before bed helps me to relax.

@Nanonet1

❇️ Grammar

♦️ May / might

🛑 may
We can use 'may' to ask for permission.
می توانیم may را برای اجازه گرفتن استفاده کنیم.
✅ May I borrow your pen?
✅ May we think about it?
✅ May I go now?

We use 'may' to suggest something is possible.
ما MAY را برای نشان دادن احتمال نیز استفاده می کنیم.
✅ It may rain later today.
✅ I may not have time to do it today.
✅ Pete may come with us

🛑 might
We use 'might' to suggest a small possibility of something.
ما might برای نشان دادن احتمال استفاده می کنیم. در انگلیسی گفتاری might نسبت به may معمول تر است.
✅ She might be at home by now but it's not sure at all.
✅ It might rain this afternoon.
✅ I might not have time to go to the shops for you.
✅ I might not go.

👉 For the past, we use 'might have'.
برای نشان دادن احتمال در گذشته ما might have+ past participle را استفاده می کنیم.
✅ He might have tried to call while I was out.
✅ I might have dropped it in the street.

@Nanonet1

❇️ Idiom

♦️ hold (all) the aces
به کسی در همه ی زمینه برتر بودن، نسبت به کسی برتری زیاد داشتن

👉 To be in a position of power or control over someone or something due to having all the advantages or resources.

✅ He's bigger than me, and stronger, and faster—he just holds all the aces.

✅ How can I advance in my career when my competitor holds all the aces?

@Nanonet1