علاقه مندان جهت معلومات بیشتر می‌توانند به اداره مؤسسه علمی نانونت به تماس شوند.
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❇️ Idiom

♦️ To spoil someone’s plan

پلان کسی را خراب کردن

✅ The heavy overnight rain spoilt our plan of playing cricket the next morning.

✅ Don’t spoil my plan! I am going to surprise him tonight.


@Nanonet1

❇️ Idiom

♦️ To be up in arms about something

👉 To be extremely upset and angry about something

از چیزی خیلی ناراحت بودن

✅ The entire country is up in arms about the new tax rise policy.

✅ Your father looks to be up in arms about your decision.

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❇️ Tips to develop natural leadership

♦️ Constant or periodic evaluation of one's strength and weaknesses is very essential to set the foundations of leadership. One will be able to perform better only when one is aware of one's drawbacks and shortcomings. At the same time, it is equally important to be aware of one's potential as this acts like the motivation or the driving force to keep one going.

♦️ Natural leaders take in-depth information about their surroundings and assess people around them. It is only through a better understanding of your surrounding environment can you aspire to influence them with your words and actions.

♦️ Consider every obstacle, every failure as a stepping stone which will lead you closer to your goal as a leader. Learn to judge a situation in terms of both pros and cons and act accordingly. It is only when you truly assess a situation can you think of leading others in a particular situation.

♦️ Try to follow the example of other leaders and if possible, pursue mentors to help you in the process. Leadership is not a quality that is absolute and complete. It requires frequent appraisals and refurbishing. You can either seek the direct help of the mentors or try to figure out their line of thoughts and actions. It is extremely vital that you understand how such people think and act in order to inculcate their ways. However, it is not necessary that you actually mimic their actions. All you need to do is establish a fine connection between your own ideas and the already established ones of proven natural leaders.

♦️ Knowledge is the key to all answers and one can only gain information through regular and constant reading. Books are a great way to come across different kinds of opinions and ideas and get different types of outlooks about a particular issue. It is not mandatory that you agree to and follow each and every instruction jotted on paper. You can also critically evaluate these issues either personally or with a group. It is only through such constructive criticism that one can aim to inculcate and adopt the inherent characteristics of a natural leader.

♦️ Learn to gain control over your fears. Being human, it is but natural that you will come across qualms, suspicions and worries. It totally depends on you how you gain control over your anxieties and lead a life that is inspiring for others.

♦️ The ability to make quick and sensible decisions is very important for a leader. It should be kept in mind that a leader never dilly-dallies or puts off issues. Rather, they try to come to a conclusion in a timely manner.

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❇️ Expressing a wish or a regret
بیان کردن یک آرزو و یا افسوس

Expressing a wish:
بیان آرزو
Form:
♦️ If only / I wish + simple past

✅ If only I knew how to use a computer. (I don’t know how to use a computer and I would like to learn how to use it)

✅ I wish I knew how to use a computer.

👉 Use:
To express a wish in the present
ساختار فوق برای بیان یک آرزو در حال استفاده می شود.
The simple past here is an unreal past.
فعل گذشته در این جملات حالت غیر واقعی دارد و به گذشته دلالت نمی کند.
When you use the verb to be the form is “were”.
زمانیکه همراه با فعل to be استفاده شود، با تمام فاعل ها were استفاده می شود.

✅ I wish I were a millionaire!

Expressing regret:
بیان افسوس
♦️ If only / I wish + past perfect

✅ If only I had woken up early. (I didn't wake up early and I missed my bus.)

✅ I wish I had stayed with my parents.
Use:
👉 To express a regret.
ساختار فوق برای بیان افسوس و پشیمانی استفاده می شود.


Complaining:
برای شکایت کردن
Form:
♦️ I wish / if only + would + verb

✅ I wish you wouldn't arrive so late all the time (I'm annoyed because you always come late and I want you to arrive on time)
✅ If only you wouldn't arrive so late.
Use:
👉 To complain about a behavior that you disapprove.
ساختار فوق برای توضیح رفتاری که مورد تائید شما نیست استفاده می شود.

👉 Expressing impatience, annoyance or dissatisfaction with a present action.
هم چنان این ساختار برای بیان کم تحملی، اذیت و عدم رضایت استفاده می شود.

@Nanonet1

❇️ Idiom

♦️ Couch potato

👉 A lazy person who spends a lot of time sitting at home watching TV
برای توصیف شصی که وقت زیادی را به نشستن در خانه و تنبلی کردن سپری می کند استفاده می شود.

✅ Stop being a couch potato! Turn off the TV and go out.

✅ All he ever does is watching TV. He has become a couch potato.

@Nanonet1

👈 جمله سازی برای شاگردان ابتدایی (صفات ملکی، اسم ملکی)

آیا احمد دوست برادر شما است؟
✅ Is Ahmad your brother's friend?

من دیروز برادر دوست شما را ملاقات کردم.
✅ I met your friend's brother yesterday.

صنف شاگردان من آنجا است.
✅ My students' class is over there.

آنها دوستان برادر تو هستند.
✅ They are your brother's friends.

من کتاب برادر او را دیروز برداشتم.
✅ I took his brother's book yesterday.

پیراهن دوست تو خیلی زیبا است.
✅ Your friend's shirt is very beautiful.

سارا کتاب خود را کجا گم کرد؟
✅ Where did Sara lose her book?

آیا کتاب دوست من را تو برداشتی؟
✅ Did you find my friend's book?

هم صنفی های خواهر من همه محصل هستند؟
✅ My sister's classmates are all University students.


@Nanonet1

❇️ Tips for being assertive

♦️ Expectation
Prepare yourself mentally and set your expectations clear to others. Do not expect others to read what is on your mind. Articulate exactly what you expect from others and the reason behind your expectations. Create positive boundaries to know what you are most comfortable at. This way, you will be better able to take control of the situation and achieve your expectations.

♦️ Physical Presence
Your body language plays a major role in determining what others feel about you. Always hold your head up high to show that you are a force to be reckoned with. If you look intimidated, others too would be nervous and anxious. Also, make sure that you do not intimidate others.

♦️ Use Of Voice
The tone of voice has a major impact on whether you will be heard or not. Sustain your voice by taking a deep breath and think about the message that you would be conveying. Do not raise your voice in manner of shouting, nagging, whining, and so on. Instead, simply state your message in a matter of fact voice. Always use a voice that can be heard and should be interesting in pitch and delivery.

♦️ Be Prepared
When you are prepared, you will speak with more authority and be better able to deal with things coming up. When speaking to a group of people, plan in advance your speech. This would give a boost to your confidence levels and make you feel positive and secured.

♦️ Create Rapport
Connect with the group that you are speaking to during the introduction itself. For a positive impact on the person or group, be open, friendly, smile and feel in control of the situation. Creating a good rapport would ensure effective communication.

♦️ Think Of The Language You Use
The language that you use while conversing is extremely important. Start off with a positive statement to set the tone for the conversation. Never ask people to do you a favor else they will consider doing a favor as part of their job. Use the "I" language, such as "I want" or "I feel", to acknowledge the other person's feelings or situation and stand up for your rights.

♦️ Remember To Thank
If people have done as expected by you, acknowledge their efforts by thanking them. This will incline the people to put themselves out again in the future. A sense of gratitude and a smile on the face can do wonders for you.

♦️ If You Do Not Get What You Want
If you are not able to achieve success, do not threaten, bully or shout. Be calm, persistent and stay in control. Repeat yourself again and ask your audience to consider the implications of not doing as requested by you.

@Nanonet1

❇️ Importance of communication

♦️ For Transfer Of Ideas
To transfer ideas from one person to another, communication plays a vital role. Every human being has some ideas that are unique to his own mind. Many of these ideas can be implemented in real life and can turn into major creations too. But to make the transition from just a thought to an implementation, it requires effectual communication. Hence, the idea should be communicated as a plan, drawing or description so that it can be created further.

♦️ For Interacting With Society
It is very important that we interact with our surroundings and people living in the surroundings. Whenever we talk to someone, we, unknowingly or unknowingly, react to his/her questions, actions or comments. This is communication. While corresponding to someone in any way, we are actually communicating. Healthy communication is essential for a healthy society.

♦️ For Education
To educate someone, we need to communicate the ideas in the syllabus or the study material to the student. Education involves a collection of all kinds of communication i.e., audio, video, books and lectures. However, herein the deal is not just to communicate, but to communicate effectively. Inefficient communication can lead to transfer of ambiguous knowledge.

♦️ To Update Oneself
In the modern world, nothing is more important than staying up - to - date. Only through proper channels of communication can people be updated with current affairs and important events across the globe. Communication is the actual transfer of information through various mediums in such a way that it caters to the needs of people from different strata of life. News can actually stand for as a collection of information from the 4 directions, i.e. North, East, West and South, that, in turn, is delivered to us through various communication channels.

♦️ For Entertainment
Entertainment, today, is mostly based on the channels of mass communication, like films and television. Moreover, theatre and other arts also communicate certain ideas to its audience. Internet is another common platform for entertainment, which again is a mode of communication. In short, we can safely conclude that communication and entertainment are entwined in today's world.

♦️ To Understand The World
Unless we communicate with the world, we will never understand the way things function and how things are piled up and related to one another. People are just a fragment amongst these things. Did you know that other elements of the world also communicate to us, but in their own ways? We need to interact with the environment in order to understand life. People who do not communicate tend to get isolated, which thereby leads to many problems.

@Nanonet1

TOEFL Vocabulary (difficult)

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