❇️ Idiom

♦️ to be cut from the same cloth
خیلی شبیه بودن، مشابهت زیاد داشتن

✅ Father and son are cut from the same cloth and even sound alike on the telephone.

✅ When you talk to them, you can simple realize that they are cut from the same cloth.

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❇️ How to use in case and in case of correctly.
چطور in case و in case of را درست استفاده کنیم
♦️ In case
We use in case to express that we are doing something in preparation for something which might happen.
ما in case را برای بیان اینکه در صورت وقوع یک اتفاق برای آمادگی برای آن چه کاری را انجام می دهیم.

✅ Take an umbrella in case it rains!

✅ I'll buy two bottles of wine in case one is not enough.

♦️ In case of
We use in case of to say what we should do if or when something happens.
ما in case of را برای بیان اینکه در صورت وقوع یک اتفاق چه کاری را باید انجام بدهیم استفاده می کنیم.

✅ In case of fire, leave the building as quickly as possible.

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❇️ Effective communication for a healthy relationship

♦️ Listen
Communication is not just talking. We all know that, but conveniently choose to forget. In a relationship, you mustn't take any chance. Listen to your partner and see what his/her woes are. Maybe it is all in the head and you can just talk out things. But maybe, just maybe, your attitude is the cause of issues. If this is the case, you will have a lot more things to sort out, but before all of that, you need a start and listening is definitely a good start.

♦️ Appreciate
We get into relationships with wonderful people, but with the passage of time, we just forget how wonderful they are. Their niceness becomes mundane for us and appreciation a rarity. That is another root cause of decay of relationships. The attitude of taking things for granted creeps into a relationship and kills it from within. To maintain the beauty of any relationship, know that the magic once created needs to be polished, time and again. To do this, all you need to do is shower your beloved with appreciation and applause. A simple word of praise can wash away a million misgivings.

♦️ Face It
Don't just sit on your hands and do nothing while your relationship goes to the dogs! Time heals, but it can't possibly have the same effect all the time. It might just complicate life further for you. So, take matters in your hand and talk to your partner before things go out of control. Lest of what your relationship deserves is your neglected and ignored look!

♦️ Interact
Talking it out isn't enough. You must interact with your partner on a regular basis. However, you need to realize that talking shouldn't come out as a duty. There should be a natural urge or drive to talk your heart out to that one person. Remember, there was a time when that person was our oxygen and blood and survival without talking to them was impossible. Relive those moments and figure out what has changed. Fix it at the earliest. Interacting naturally is the best step in this direction.

♦️ Compromise
You need to get this fact straight - this is not war and you are not foes. Compromising on some simple things would not make you weaker or less strong by any chance. People who say that maintaining your individuality, despite being with someone else, miss out on one key fact of life - in a relationship, two is actually one. You do not grow along side each other in your separate worlds, rather you grow together.Compromise is not a sign of defeat - it is a sign of maturity and mental growth.

♦️ Seek Professional Help
Ego hurts and if you let it get into a relationship then it hurts all the more. After you have tried almost every conceivable thing to make your relation work and still the spark has not re - ignited, then you must not shy away from the idea of seeking professional help. And please, professional means professional - do not get your family or friends involved. Such mediators bring more harm than good!

♦️ Never Give Up
Remember, you are with a person you liked the most at one point in life. That person is still there under the new demeanor - it is only the situations that have changed. Do not make rash choices or decisions just because things have been rocky for sometime. Every relationship goes through the tough phase, but you need to keep your faith intact and try hardest to make that beautiful chemistry work all over again!

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❇️ How to speak in public

👉 Before the Speech

♦️ Understand Your Subject
It is always easier to speak about something you know very well. However, even if you have a broad knowledge about the subject, make sure to understand it in and out. For this, you need to do research. Flip through newspapers and magazines, browse the internet and update yourself about recent developments in the regard. Gather information on the background of the subject as well. This will help you provide an in - depth analysis of the subject. If you understand your subject well, you would feel confident about speaking in public.

♦️ Know Your Audience
To put across your thoughts in an effective manner, you need to study the audience. The first thing to consider is the age group of your public. Next, get acquainted with their general interests and find their level of knowledge about the subject. This will affect how deeply you want to go into the subject and how you are going to present the facts. The public will affect your presentation, indirectly.

♦️ Rehearse
Another important step in public speaking is rehearsal. To present yourself confidently in public, you need to rehearse the speech many times. For the purpose, write down the points you are going to present. Write the entire speech on paper or just note down the important points. Since silent reading won't help you monitor your voice modulation, it is suggested to speak out the words loudly, while rehearsing. Take the help of your friend, to know whether you are delivering the speech correctly or not. Keep practicing until you are fluent.

♦️ Relax
Now that you are thorough with the subject and have rehearsed enough, it is the time to prepare yourself to face the audience. Stage - fear is obvious, especially when you are a beginner. However, you need to ease yourself of all the tensions. Take a deep breath, a few minutes before going on stage. Banish all the fears about going off the track.

👉 While On Stage

♦️ Mind Your Body Language
Your body language reflects your level of confidence. Do not slouch, while on stage. Stand straight, but not in the 'attention position'. Putting one hand in your pocket is okay, but both hands in your pocket will look very odd. If there is a podium on stage, you can rest your hands on them.

♦️ Smile
Your smile will convey that you are confident to face the public. The audience will respond to your more positively, if you speak with a smiling face. This will help you carry on the speech with much more self - assurance.

♦️ Eye Contact
Remember, the speech is meant for every one in the audience. Therefore, try to make eye contact with everyone present there, instead of focusing only on one person. In case you feel distracted looking into the eyes of the audience, focus on their foreheads or on a place at the background of the audience, just above their head.

♦️ Make The Speech Interesting
Do not intimidate your audience with silent and serious moments. Do not be too much factual. If humor finds place anywhere in the subject, you can include it. Make sure that it is funny and not offensive. Include humor only if it is closely related to the topic. Cracking a joke totally irrelevant to the situation can worsen the speech!

👉 Some More Tips
• Be clear with what you speak. Do not confuse the audience by talking about more than one issue at a time.
• Make the right choice of words. This will depend upon the age group of the public and their general awareness, interests and knowledge.
• Be short and crisp. People would get bored if they listen to a long and never - ending speech.
• Take care of your volume, while speaking in public. You should be audible, but not loud. This will also depend upon the location - whether you are speaking indoors or at an open area.

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❇️ Effective business communication skills

To be able to communicate well you will need to cultivate some effective habits that will make your communication clear and strong.

♦️ Listening Businessmen, team leaders and managers all over the world spend a lot of time talking to those they work with everyday. The communication can be about anything from discussing targets and problems to trying to close a deal. There are times when some of these people realize that, for some reason, they are not able to understand what the client or a fellow employee wants. There is just one reason for this; they are 'NOT' listening to what the other person has to say. If you ever want to improve your communication skills, you have to start listening to what the other person says. If you can't listen, then you might as well not talk, either because your failure to listen will encourage a retaliatory response in the other person and they might decide to ignore you.

♦️ Talking Now that you have heard what the other side has to say, it's your turn to talk. Before you start talking, take caution and weigh your words before you speak them. It would be smart of you to stick to the matter at hand and not launch off into what your granddad did in 1932! It would also be smart of you to avoid condescension and sarcasm when you talk. The other person is not your slave and you are not helping the situation by being hostile. If you are smart, then you will talk to the point and without trying to insult the other person. This also holds good for when you have to give feedback. Also talking with confidence will help you communicate your point effectively. If your voice lacks conviction, then the person listening to you is likely to think you don't know what you are talking about. Talking too much or too little is also something you must work on rectifying as neither is good for good business communication.

♦️ Writing When communicating via written means, including emails and letters, you can't add emotion to the message, but you can still make it effective. If you are writing a formal communication, then you will need to follow the simple guidelines that form the proper etiquette for writing business letters. You would again want to be precise, polite, brief (or detailed if the letter calls for it) and firm without being rude. There may be times when you may have to give your feedback in writing. Following these guidelines will help you deliver the feedback without sounding too rude.

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❇️ Using “suppose”

👉 We often use  'suppose' to mean 'imagine' or 'guess'
ما اغلبا suppose را به معنی حدس زدن و تصور کردن استفاده می کنیم.
✅ I suppose you'll be meeting Danielle when you go to Paris?
حدس می زنیم تو وقتی به پاریس بری دانیل را ملاقات خواهی کرد.

✅ When you weren't there, I supposed you must have been out of the city.
وقتی آنجا نبودی حدس زدم که باید بیرون شهر بوده باشی.

✅ I suppose you two know each other?
فکر می کنم شما دوتا همدیگر را می شناسید.

👉 Notice that 'suppose' is not normally used in the continuous form. We do not usually say 'I am supposing'.
به یاد داشته باشید که suppose در حالت جاری استفاده نمی شود.

✅ Now I suppose we'll have to do something else.
حالا فکر می کنم باید کار دیگری انجام دهیم.
✅ We're waiting for John and I suppose he must be stuck in traffic.
ما منتظر جان هستیم و حدس می زنم او در ترافیک گیر کرده است.
✅ At this moment I suppose it doesn't matter.
فکر میکنم حالا این مهم نیست.

♦️ Negative sentences
جملات منفی

✅ I don't suppose you know where Mary is?
فکر نمی کنم بفهمی مری کجاست.

✅ I don't suppose he'll do anything.
فکر نمی کنم او کاری بکند.

✅ I don't suppose you  have a Nokia phone charger here?
فکر نمی کنم تو چارجر گوشی نوکیا داشته باشی؟

👉 When responding to an idea with 'suppose', you can use 'so' to avoid repeating the idea that has already been expressed.
برای تکرار یک ایده می توانید همراه suppose از so استفاده کنید.

✅ Is Susan coming to this meeting? ~ I suppose so.
آیا سوزان به این جلسه می آید؟ فکر میکنم بله.

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❇️ Idiom

♦️ Monkey business
مسخره بازی کردن، به تمسخر گرفتن، رفتار فریبنده داشتن، فریب دادن

✅ You has better stop this monkey business and get serious.

✅ That’s enough monkey business. Start doing something useful.

✅ Guys, no monkey business when the teacher is out or you will be punished.

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❇️ Podcast 125
♦️ Police Story
Exercises

👉 George was going to bed. His wife told him the light was still on in the shed. When George opened the kitchen door he saw there were people in the shed. They were in the process of stealing things. George immediately phoned the police.
The policeman asked, “Is someone in your house?”
George said, “No.” He described the situation. The policeman explained that all patrols were busy. George should simply lock his door. An officer would be there when available.
George said, “Okay.” He hung up the phone . He counted to 30. Then he called the police again.
He said, “I just called you a few seconds ago. I said there were people in my shed. Well, you don’t have to worry about them now. I’ve just shot them all.” Then he hung up.
Within five minutes three squad cars showed up. The police caught the burglars red-handed.
One of the policemen said to George: “I thought you said that you’d shot them!”
George replied, “I thought you said nobody was available!”

George was going to bed.
George was getting ready for bed.

His wife told him…
… the light was still on in the shed.

His wife informed him…
… that the shed light was still on.

When George opened the kitchen door…
…he saw there were people in the shed.

George opened up the kitchen door…
…and saw people in the shed.

They were in the process of stealing things.
They were stealing things.

George immediately phoned the police.
George called the police right off.
The policeman asked,

“Is someone in your house?”
“Is there someone in your house?”

George said, “No.”
George said there wasn’t.

He described the situation.
He laid out the situation.

The policeman explained that all patrols were busy.
The officer explained that all patrols were tied up.

George should simply lock his door.
George should just lock his door.

An officer would be there when available.
A policeman would come around when possible.

George said, “Okay.”
George said, “Fine.”

He hung up the phone .
He hung the phone up.

He counted to 30.
He counted from 1 to 30.

Then he called the police again.
Then he redialed the police number.

He said,

“I just called you a few seconds ago.
I called you just a few seconds ago.

I said there were people in my shed.
I told you people were in my shed.

Well, you don’t have to worry about them now.
Well, they are no longer a problem.

I’ve just shot them all.”
I just shot them all.”

Then he hung up.
Then he hung up the phone.

Within five minutes three squad cars showed up.
Inside of five minutes three police cars arrived.

The police caught the burglars red-handed.
The police nabbed the thieves in the act.

One of the policemen said to George:

“I thought you said that you’d shot them!”
“Didn’t you say you’d shot them!”

George replied,

“I thought you said nobody was available!”
“Didn’t you say no one was available!”

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❇️ Idiom

♦️ When pigs fly
نا ممکن، انجام نشدنی

✅ If you keep wasting your money like this, you will buy a house when pigs fly.

✅ Will you invite her to the party?
When pigs fly.

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❇️ Conversation

♦️ Hire me

A: I need a job.

B: What was your last job?

A: I was a painter.

B: What happened?

A: I got laid off because there was no work.

B: What else can you do?

A: I'm a handyman.

B: Can you fix a dripping faucet in a kitchen sink?

A: Of course.

B: Then I have a job for you in my kitchen.

A: It will cost you only $20 plus parts.

B: Okay. That sounds like a fair price.

♦️ to get laid off
اخراج شدن از کار

♦️ handyman
خدمتکار

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❇️ Reading passage

♦️ A new law that I would pass

My city has lots of issues which need to be addressed. If I were in a position to impose a new law to make my city a better place to live in, I would pass a new law that would make it mandatory for every road to have trees along the side and would prohibit anyone from cutting any of them. In the current situation, most of the roads do not have trees and places that do have trees only account for a very small percentage of my city’s area. In my opinion, this rule would help make the city greener and improve the environment of the city. Obviously, this would not be an easy law to implement. Lots of house-owners would not be interested to follow this law and would complain that there is no space for doing it. However, if the law is implemented and imposed, over time that would be achievable. Once people realise the importance of trees in the city, people would start feeling an obligation towards bringing nature into our society. As I mentioned earlier, this new law would bring a number of benefits. The biggest advantage would be that people’s lives would be better in terms of health because of cleaner air and people would also have more shade along the sidewalks not to mention how nice trees look.

♦️ pass a law
قانون تصویب کردن

♦️ Impose
تحمیل کردن

♦️ Mandatory
اجباری

♦️ Prohibit
منع کردن

♦️ Implement
تطبیق کردن

♦️ achievable
قابل به دست آوردن

♦️ Obligation
مجبوریت

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🟣ESL Vocabulary


🟣 تقویت لغات از (پایه الی عالی ) به صورت تصویری همراه با تلفظ
در 👈۹۰ قسمت.






👈درس بیست و چهارم


👉Lesson #24






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