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Discuss Elaine Showalter’s feminist concerns in
literature
FEMINIST CRITICISM IN WILDERNESS.
ELAINE SHOWALTER is an American feminist critic who has advocate the cause of women writing and criticism in her writings.
In her essay " Feminist criticism in wilderness " she differentiate between feminist criticism and Gynocriticism, where in the former the woman functions as a reader while in the later woman is also the writer of the text.
She then discusses the four aspects that formation of " Womanhood "
*Body( the biological model)
*psychology( the pshyco analytical model)
*language( the linguistic model)
*culture( the cultural model)
#feminist critique
Woman as the reader of male produce literature containing the omissions and misconception about women in criticism, gaps in androcentric (male centered) lit. And exploitation of female audiences.
#Gynocritics ( woman as writer) whose prime concern is to produce textual meaning within a female framework to analyse women's lit. develop new models on female experience and not ones that are male centered.
Gynocritics also exposes cultural assumptions and characteristics of women depicted falsely in canonical literature.
*The biological model:- emphasizes how the female body marks itself on a text by providing a host of literary images along with personal intimate tone..
*The linguistic model:- Address the need for a female discourse investigating the difference between hour women and men use language.. This model asserts that woman create and write in a language can be used in their writing.
* The cultural model:- Investigates how society shapes women's goals, responses and points of view.
* The pshyco- analytical model:- Analyzes psyche and demonstrates how such an analysis affects the writing process emphasiszing the flux and fluidity of female writing as opposed to male writing.
As a model gynocritics is restricted to Presenting a narrative of suffering that sees the women only as a victim and men and women as adversaries. This theory loses its edge to combat the issue of patriarchy as unlike woolf, Showalter doesn't use the weapon of humour.
@megmentors
literature
FEMINIST CRITICISM IN WILDERNESS.
ELAINE SHOWALTER is an American feminist critic who has advocate the cause of women writing and criticism in her writings.
In her essay " Feminist criticism in wilderness " she differentiate between feminist criticism and Gynocriticism, where in the former the woman functions as a reader while in the later woman is also the writer of the text.
She then discusses the four aspects that formation of " Womanhood "
*Body( the biological model)
*psychology( the pshyco analytical model)
*language( the linguistic model)
*culture( the cultural model)
#feminist critique
Woman as the reader of male produce literature containing the omissions and misconception about women in criticism, gaps in androcentric (male centered) lit. And exploitation of female audiences.
#Gynocritics ( woman as writer) whose prime concern is to produce textual meaning within a female framework to analyse women's lit. develop new models on female experience and not ones that are male centered.
Gynocritics also exposes cultural assumptions and characteristics of women depicted falsely in canonical literature.
*The biological model:- emphasizes how the female body marks itself on a text by providing a host of literary images along with personal intimate tone..
*The linguistic model:- Address the need for a female discourse investigating the difference between hour women and men use language.. This model asserts that woman create and write in a language can be used in their writing.
* The cultural model:- Investigates how society shapes women's goals, responses and points of view.
* The pshyco- analytical model:- Analyzes psyche and demonstrates how such an analysis affects the writing process emphasiszing the flux and fluidity of female writing as opposed to male writing.
As a model gynocritics is restricted to Presenting a narrative of suffering that sees the women only as a victim and men and women as adversaries. This theory loses its edge to combat the issue of patriarchy as unlike woolf, Showalter doesn't use the weapon of humour.
@megmentors
What is the difference between Shelly's criticism and Colreidge view
:
Percy By she Shelley, as one of the pioneers of English Romanticism, depicts many of the school’s principles in his poems; typical motifs and themes that keep recurring in typical Romantic texts include imagination, nature, inspiration, individualism, revolutionism, emotionality, and nostalgia. These elements, which are also common in the works of the founders of British Romanticism, laid the foundation of an unprecedented way of literary aesthetics in the last years of the eighteenth century.
Shelley wrote ‘A Defence of Poetry’ in 1821 in response to an essay written by his friend, Thomas Love Peacock. In ‘The Four Ages of Poetry’, Peacock – now best-remembered for novels like Nightmare Abbey – wittily argued that poetry was surplus to requirements in the modern age, because scientific and technological discoveries had rendered it unnecessary.
Shelley argues that poetry is mimetic: that is, it reflects the real world. In the early days of civilisation, men ‘imitate[d] natural objects’, observing the order and rhythm of these things, and from this impulse was poetry born. Reason and imagination are both important faculties in the poet.
Reason, he tells us, is logical thought, whereas imagination is perceiving things, and noticing the similarities between things.
Reason breaks the things into parts and analyses it.
Thus the reason is the principle of analysis.
On the other hand, imagination synthesizes the components. Since imagination is the principle of synthesis that can false contradictory forces.
Imagination has soothing power that pacifies the mind and the people become moral. It creates the best mind and the happiest moment so, peaceful mind is required to produce poetry.
For shelley the best mind and the happiest moment, produced by imagination are the ways to get the essence but Coleridge's imagination doesn't soothe the mind instead it is just a creative force.
Coleridge:- Biographia Literaria.
It is a critical work by Coleridge contained in 24 chapters.
It's concerned with the form of poetry, the genius of the poet and relationship to philosophy.
Coleridge focused mainly as imagination as the key to poetry. He divided it into two main components:- primary and secondary imagination.
For Coleridge imagination was responsible for the act that were truly creative and inventive.
Primary imagination is the living power and prime agent of all human perception. Primary is perceiving the impression of the outer world through the senses.
Secondary imagination is the poetic vision, the faculty that the poet has to idealize and unify. It is an echo of the former, co existing with the conscious will. It works upon the raw materials that are sensation and impressions supplied the primary imagination.
It is the secondary imagination which makes any artistic creation possible and root of all poetic activity. It is considered as shaping and modifying power.
Coleridge calls secondary imagination a magical power it fuses various faculties of human soul - will, emotions, intellect, perception. It fuses internal and external the subjective snd objective.
#MEG05
@megmentors
:
Percy By she Shelley, as one of the pioneers of English Romanticism, depicts many of the school’s principles in his poems; typical motifs and themes that keep recurring in typical Romantic texts include imagination, nature, inspiration, individualism, revolutionism, emotionality, and nostalgia. These elements, which are also common in the works of the founders of British Romanticism, laid the foundation of an unprecedented way of literary aesthetics in the last years of the eighteenth century.
Shelley wrote ‘A Defence of Poetry’ in 1821 in response to an essay written by his friend, Thomas Love Peacock. In ‘The Four Ages of Poetry’, Peacock – now best-remembered for novels like Nightmare Abbey – wittily argued that poetry was surplus to requirements in the modern age, because scientific and technological discoveries had rendered it unnecessary.
Shelley argues that poetry is mimetic: that is, it reflects the real world. In the early days of civilisation, men ‘imitate[d] natural objects’, observing the order and rhythm of these things, and from this impulse was poetry born. Reason and imagination are both important faculties in the poet.
Reason, he tells us, is logical thought, whereas imagination is perceiving things, and noticing the similarities between things.
Reason breaks the things into parts and analyses it.
Thus the reason is the principle of analysis.
On the other hand, imagination synthesizes the components. Since imagination is the principle of synthesis that can false contradictory forces.
Imagination has soothing power that pacifies the mind and the people become moral. It creates the best mind and the happiest moment so, peaceful mind is required to produce poetry.
For shelley the best mind and the happiest moment, produced by imagination are the ways to get the essence but Coleridge's imagination doesn't soothe the mind instead it is just a creative force.
Coleridge:- Biographia Literaria.
It is a critical work by Coleridge contained in 24 chapters.
It's concerned with the form of poetry, the genius of the poet and relationship to philosophy.
Coleridge focused mainly as imagination as the key to poetry. He divided it into two main components:- primary and secondary imagination.
For Coleridge imagination was responsible for the act that were truly creative and inventive.
Primary imagination is the living power and prime agent of all human perception. Primary is perceiving the impression of the outer world through the senses.
Secondary imagination is the poetic vision, the faculty that the poet has to idealize and unify. It is an echo of the former, co existing with the conscious will. It works upon the raw materials that are sensation and impressions supplied the primary imagination.
It is the secondary imagination which makes any artistic creation possible and root of all poetic activity. It is considered as shaping and modifying power.
Coleridge calls secondary imagination a magical power it fuses various faculties of human soul - will, emotions, intellect, perception. It fuses internal and external the subjective snd objective.
#MEG05
@megmentors
Can anyone explain difference between Affective and Intentional Fallacy?
Intentional fallacy is that we can't judge a poem with reference to poet's intention. Because we can't trace poet's intention, his thought process, while writing that particular poem. Whereas The affective fallacy is when we attempt to judge a poem through view of effect it has on reader.
[17/08, 11:57 am] +91 80813 56493: Affective fallacy is the error of evaluating a text by its effect.
It means the confusion between poem and it's results. It's a way of deriving meaning of the text interims of affect of product upon the readers.
It's a term used to refer to the supposed error of judging or evaluating a text on the basis of it's emotional effects on a reader.
Term coined by W K Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley in 1949.
Intentional fallacy
Refers to the error of evaluating a work by the intention of an author. It is based upon a rejection of the omniscience of an author over a text. It argues that an authors intention or design should not influence the reading of a text.
Intentional fallacy ( false idea that many believe is true) term used in 20th century literary criticism to describe the problem inherent in trying to judge a work of art by assuming the intent or purpose of the artist who created it.
@megmentors
#Meg05
Intentional fallacy is that we can't judge a poem with reference to poet's intention. Because we can't trace poet's intention, his thought process, while writing that particular poem. Whereas The affective fallacy is when we attempt to judge a poem through view of effect it has on reader.
[17/08, 11:57 am] +91 80813 56493: Affective fallacy is the error of evaluating a text by its effect.
It means the confusion between poem and it's results. It's a way of deriving meaning of the text interims of affect of product upon the readers.
It's a term used to refer to the supposed error of judging or evaluating a text on the basis of it's emotional effects on a reader.
Term coined by W K Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley in 1949.
Intentional fallacy
Refers to the error of evaluating a work by the intention of an author. It is based upon a rejection of the omniscience of an author over a text. It argues that an authors intention or design should not influence the reading of a text.
Intentional fallacy ( false idea that many believe is true) term used in 20th century literary criticism to describe the problem inherent in trying to judge a work of art by assuming the intent or purpose of the artist who created it.
@megmentors
#Meg05
••Mary Wollstonecraft:-A Vindication of the rights of woman
••Virgin woolf:- A room of one's own
••Elaine Showalter:-Feminist criticism in the wilderness
••Simone De Beauvoir:- The second sex
••Features of feminist criticism
•• Feminist theories do not give sufficient attention to class conflict in society. Discuss
Classical criticism
✨Short notes:- concept of mimesis *catharsis
✨Plato's nd Aristotle approach to imitation
✨tragic falling nd leads to tragedy
✨Plato's imitation (mimesis) carries a negative connotation:- to imitate is to produce a copy a version that is less than original
✨Aristotle s theory of tragedy nd different elements( very important)
✨platos hostility towards art
✨plato declare the role of the poet as subversive
✨mimesis in light of plato nd Aristotle ( important repeated several times)
✨plato views art as twice removed from reality.
✨compare nd contrast plato nd Aristotle as literary theorists
New criticism
🌼I A Richards
🌼T S ELIOT
🌼F R LEAVIS
🌼JOHN CROWE RANSOM AND CLEANTH BROOKS
🌼W K WIMSATT
✨TS ELIOT meant by The dissociation of sensibility
✨Intentional fallacy and affective fallacy
✨New criticism emphasis the text not the background. Comment
✨a/q to J C Ransom what is the role of literary critic in modern world
✨IA Richards contribution to literary criticism
✨ideas expressed by CLEANTH BROOKS in his essay " IRONY AS A PRINCIPLE OF STRUCTURE ".
✨four obstacles of proper response that IA RICHARDS catalogues in practical criticism
✨INDIVIDUAL TALENT
✨CLEANTH BROOKS as a new critic
✨Ransome mean when he advocate " Criticism Inc"?
✨New criticism make use of model of "practical criticism" initiated by I A Richards.
✨common features of the critics associated with new criticism
✨The truth which the poets utters according to CLEANTH BROOKS can be approached. Do you agree explain.
ROMANTIC CRITICISM
💫Romanticism
💫Wordsworth: Preface to the lyrical ballads
💫Coleridge: Biographia literaria
💫P B shelley : A Defence of poetry
✨romantic theory
✨fancy nd imagination
✨ST Coleridge on power of the poetic imagination
✨Wordsworth view on all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
✨Romantics assert that imagination transcends reason"
✨Wordsworth preface to the lyrical ballads
✨Wordsworth view on the distinction between language of prose and metrical composition
✨role does Shelley assign to poets in 19th century?
✨role of spontaneity, emotions and personality have in Wordsworth theory of poetry
✨P B shelley as a romantic critic.
DECONSTRUCTION
🤍New criticism nd structuralism
🤍Beginning Deconstruction
🤍Implications
🤍Deconstructing poetry ( william Wordsworth :- AFTERTHOUGHT,
John Donne s :- THE CANONIZATION)
🤍Deconstructing Drama:- waiting for godot
🤍Re assessing Deconstruction
⭐Theory of structuralism
✨strength and limitations of deconstruction
✨destructive analysis of John donnes the canonization
✨deconstructing a text
✨approaches of structuralism and deconstruction to the theory of sign system
✨Derrida analyse the concept of the sign to show that there can be no determinacy in meaning
✨implications of the death of the author by Ronald barthes
✨what is deconstruction? Is it an effective tool for analysing a literary text
✨Roland barthes difference between work and text
✨Why Derrida resist definitions?
✨Examine how waiting for godot problematizes the meaningless ness of life.
✨How is deconstructive reading of a poem different from a structuralistic reading of it?
#MEG05
••Virgin woolf:- A room of one's own
••Elaine Showalter:-Feminist criticism in the wilderness
••Simone De Beauvoir:- The second sex
••Features of feminist criticism
•• Feminist theories do not give sufficient attention to class conflict in society. Discuss
Classical criticism
✨Short notes:- concept of mimesis *catharsis
✨Plato's nd Aristotle approach to imitation
✨tragic falling nd leads to tragedy
✨Plato's imitation (mimesis) carries a negative connotation:- to imitate is to produce a copy a version that is less than original
✨Aristotle s theory of tragedy nd different elements( very important)
✨platos hostility towards art
✨plato declare the role of the poet as subversive
✨mimesis in light of plato nd Aristotle ( important repeated several times)
✨plato views art as twice removed from reality.
✨compare nd contrast plato nd Aristotle as literary theorists
New criticism
🌼I A Richards
🌼T S ELIOT
🌼F R LEAVIS
🌼JOHN CROWE RANSOM AND CLEANTH BROOKS
🌼W K WIMSATT
✨TS ELIOT meant by The dissociation of sensibility
✨Intentional fallacy and affective fallacy
✨New criticism emphasis the text not the background. Comment
✨a/q to J C Ransom what is the role of literary critic in modern world
✨IA Richards contribution to literary criticism
✨ideas expressed by CLEANTH BROOKS in his essay " IRONY AS A PRINCIPLE OF STRUCTURE ".
✨four obstacles of proper response that IA RICHARDS catalogues in practical criticism
✨INDIVIDUAL TALENT
✨CLEANTH BROOKS as a new critic
✨Ransome mean when he advocate " Criticism Inc"?
✨New criticism make use of model of "practical criticism" initiated by I A Richards.
✨common features of the critics associated with new criticism
✨The truth which the poets utters according to CLEANTH BROOKS can be approached. Do you agree explain.
ROMANTIC CRITICISM
💫Romanticism
💫Wordsworth: Preface to the lyrical ballads
💫Coleridge: Biographia literaria
💫P B shelley : A Defence of poetry
✨romantic theory
✨fancy nd imagination
✨ST Coleridge on power of the poetic imagination
✨Wordsworth view on all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
✨Romantics assert that imagination transcends reason"
✨Wordsworth preface to the lyrical ballads
✨Wordsworth view on the distinction between language of prose and metrical composition
✨role does Shelley assign to poets in 19th century?
✨role of spontaneity, emotions and personality have in Wordsworth theory of poetry
✨P B shelley as a romantic critic.
DECONSTRUCTION
🤍New criticism nd structuralism
🤍Beginning Deconstruction
🤍Implications
🤍Deconstructing poetry ( william Wordsworth :- AFTERTHOUGHT,
John Donne s :- THE CANONIZATION)
🤍Deconstructing Drama:- waiting for godot
🤍Re assessing Deconstruction
⭐Theory of structuralism
✨strength and limitations of deconstruction
✨destructive analysis of John donnes the canonization
✨deconstructing a text
✨approaches of structuralism and deconstruction to the theory of sign system
✨Derrida analyse the concept of the sign to show that there can be no determinacy in meaning
✨implications of the death of the author by Ronald barthes
✨what is deconstruction? Is it an effective tool for analysing a literary text
✨Roland barthes difference between work and text
✨Why Derrida resist definitions?
✨Examine how waiting for godot problematizes the meaningless ness of life.
✨How is deconstructive reading of a poem different from a structuralistic reading of it?
#MEG05
#inspired
दुख होता है जब, मेरा अपना कोई पुराना दोस्त, कही किसी को अपने कोई दोस्तो के नाम बता रहा होता है और मेरा नाम भूल जाता है।
बुरा लगता है जब दिन रात मेहनत करने के बाद भी किस्मत, सबको consider करती है पर मुझे भूल जाती है।
और बुरा लगता है जब कई बार, पता नही कितनी बार, मैं भीड़ में रहकर भी भीड़ का हिस्सा नही बन पाती।
दुख होता है जब, मेरा अपना कोई पुराना दोस्त, कही किसी को अपने कोई दोस्तो के नाम बता रहा होता है और मेरा नाम भूल जाता है।
बुरा लगता है जब दिन रात मेहनत करने के बाद भी किस्मत, सबको consider करती है पर मुझे भूल जाती है।
और बुरा लगता है जब कई बार, पता नही कितनी बार, मैं भीड़ में रहकर भी भीड़ का हिस्सा नही बन पाती।
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