IS 456 2000AMD5 Reff2021CJ.pdf
4.9 MB
IS 456:2000
Earth Retaining Structures
There are several types of earth retaining structures that can be used to support soil and prevent erosion or landslides. Some common types of earth retaining structures include:
Retaining walls: These are structures that are built to hold back soil or rock on one side while allowing it to slope gently on the other side. Retaining walls can be constructed using a variety of materials, including concrete, stone, wood, or steel.
Gabion walls: These are walls made from wire mesh baskets filled with rocks or other materials. They are often used to hold back soil in areas prone to erosion or landslides.
Sheet piles: These are long, thin elements that are driven into the ground and used to support soil. Sheet piles can be made from a variety of materials, including steel, wood, and concrete.
Anchored earth retaining systems: These are systems that use anchors to secure the retaining wall to the ground and prevent it from collapsing.
Soil nail walls: These are walls that are constructed by driving steel rods, called soil nails, into the ground and then attaching a facing material to the nails. Soil nail walls are often used to stabilize slopes and prevent landslides.
Pile walls: These are walls that are supported by piles, which are long, slender elements that are driven into the ground. Pile walls can be made from a variety of materials, including concrete, steel, and wood.
MSE walls: These are walls that are constructed using pre-fabricated panels made from soil and reinforcement materials. MSE walls are often used to support highways and other structures in areas with poor soil conditions.
There are several types of earth retaining structures that can be used to support soil and prevent erosion or landslides. Some common types of earth retaining structures include:
Retaining walls: These are structures that are built to hold back soil or rock on one side while allowing it to slope gently on the other side. Retaining walls can be constructed using a variety of materials, including concrete, stone, wood, or steel.
Gabion walls: These are walls made from wire mesh baskets filled with rocks or other materials. They are often used to hold back soil in areas prone to erosion or landslides.
Sheet piles: These are long, thin elements that are driven into the ground and used to support soil. Sheet piles can be made from a variety of materials, including steel, wood, and concrete.
Anchored earth retaining systems: These are systems that use anchors to secure the retaining wall to the ground and prevent it from collapsing.
Soil nail walls: These are walls that are constructed by driving steel rods, called soil nails, into the ground and then attaching a facing material to the nails. Soil nail walls are often used to stabilize slopes and prevent landslides.
Pile walls: These are walls that are supported by piles, which are long, slender elements that are driven into the ground. Pile walls can be made from a variety of materials, including concrete, steel, and wood.
MSE walls: These are walls that are constructed using pre-fabricated panels made from soil and reinforcement materials. MSE walls are often used to support highways and other structures in areas with poor soil conditions.
following types of NDT are available
1 Schmidt test hammer
2 Ultrasonic pulsevelocity
3 Maturity test
4 Concrete core test
5 Pull out test
6 Penetration test
7 Radioactive method
1 Schmidt test hammer
2 Ultrasonic pulsevelocity
3 Maturity test
4 Concrete core test
5 Pull out test
6 Penetration test
7 Radioactive method
CIVIL INTERVIEW QNS.pdf
610.4 KB
Some important interview questions for civil engineers
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Forwarded from UNACADEMY STUDY GROUP GATE 2023 < MOHAN >
Forms of Superstructure
Based on form and type of superstructures, bridges are dassified as under.
a) Arch
b) Solid slab
c) Voided slab
d) T-beam and slab
e) Suspension
f) Cable stayed
g) Extra-dosed
h) Box girder
i) Single/Multi-cell Box
j) Truss
Based on form and type of superstructures, bridges are dassified as under.
a) Arch
b) Solid slab
c) Voided slab
d) T-beam and slab
e) Suspension
f) Cable stayed
g) Extra-dosed
h) Box girder
i) Single/Multi-cell Box
j) Truss
A bar bending schedule is a list that details the size, length, shape and number of reinforcement bars used in a construction project. It is prepared before the construction work starts and helps to ensure that the correct amount and type of reinforcement is used in the concrete structures, such as beams, columns, slabs, etc. The schedule serves as a guide for the steel benders and helps them to bend and cut the reinforcement bars accurately as per the construction drawings.